Ben van Ravenzwaay

TL;DR: Tissue distribution and toxicity of intravenously administered nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) showed expected tissue distribution, no obvious toxic health effects, no immune response, and no change in organ function indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles could be used safely in low doses.

TL;DR: The history of the AOP concept and its most prominent strengths are discussed, including the advantages of a formalized approach, the systematic collection of weight of evidence, the linkage of mechanisms to apical end points, the examination of the plausibility of epidemiological data, the identification of critical knowledge gaps and the design of mechanistic test methods.

TL;DR: In most studies with topical skin application, unintentional permeation and systemic availability were not observed; permeation for some NM with distinct properties was observed in animals and upon inhalation, low levels of primary model nanoparticles became systemically available.

TL;DR: The effects observed after 5-day inhalation exposure to nano-TiO(2) were qualitatively similar to those reported in sub-chronic studies and indicated mild neutrophilic inflammation and activation of macrophages in the lung.

TL;DR: Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanomaterials, used as UV protecting agents in sunscreens, were investigated for their potential genotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo test systems, providing congruent results of a battery of standard OECD test methods applied to nanommaterials.