Showing papers by "James J. Lee published in 2019"
Erasmus University Rotterdam1, VU University Amsterdam2, University of Zurich3, Harvard University4, Cornell University5, Hospital for Special Surgery6, University of Amsterdam7, University of Toronto8, University of Copenhagen9, Statens Serum Institut10, University of Queensland11, University of Essex12, ETH Zurich13, Broad Institute14, University of Oxford15, Max Planck Society16, German Institute for Economic Research17, Pompeu Fabra University18, University of Edinburgh19, University of Oulu20, University of California, San Diego21, University of Lübeck22, Institut Pere Mata23, University of Colorado Boulder24, University of Konstanz25, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill26, University of Fribourg27, Karolinska Institutet28, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton29, University of Guelph30, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich31, University of Cologne32, University of Innsbruck33, University College London34, University of Chicago35, Imperial College London36, University of Tartu37, Stockholm School of Economics38, Geisinger Health System39, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies40, University of Mainz41, University of Southern California42, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences43, Western General Hospital44, Translational Research Institute45, University of Minnesota46, New York University47, National Bureau of Economic Research48
TL;DR: This paper found evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across risk tolerance and the risky behaviors: 46 of the 99 general risk tolerance loci contain a lead SNP for at least one of their other GWAS, and general risk-tolerance is genetically correlated with a range of risky behaviors.
Abstract: Humans vary substantially in their willingness to take risks. In a combined sample of over 1 million individuals, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of general risk tolerance, adventurousness, and risky behaviors in the driving, drinking, smoking, and sexual domains. Across all GWAS, we identified hundreds of associated loci, including 99 loci associated with general risk tolerance. We report evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across risk tolerance and the risky behaviors: 46 of the 99 general risk tolerance loci contain a lead SNP for at least one of our other GWAS, and general risk tolerance is genetically correlated ([Formula: see text] ~ 0.25 to 0.50) with a range of risky behaviors. Bioinformatics analyses imply that genes near SNPs associated with general risk tolerance are highly expressed in brain tissues and point to a role for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. We found no evidence of enrichment for genes previously hypothesized to relate to risk tolerance.
395 citations
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: A genetic study identifies hundreds of loci associated with risk tolerance and risky behaviors, finds evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across these phenotypes, and implicates genes involved in neurotransmission.
175 citations
Erasmus University Rotterdam1, VU University Amsterdam2, University of Zurich3, Harvard University4, University of Colorado Boulder5, Hospital for Special Surgery6, University of Southern California7, University of Amsterdam8, University of Copenhagen9, Statens Serum Institut10, University of Toronto11, University of Queensland12, University of Essex13, Broad Institute14, University of Oxford15, German Institute for Economic Research16, Max Planck Society17, Pompeu Fabra University18, University of Edinburgh19, University of Oulu20, University of California, San Diego21, University of Lübeck22, University of Konstanz23, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill24, University of Bern25, Karolinska Institutet26, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton27, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich28, University of Cologne29, University College London30, University of Chicago31, Imperial College London32, University of Tartu33, Stockholm School of Economics34, Geisinger Health System35, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies36, University of Mainz37, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences38, Western General Hospital39, University of Minnesota40, New York University41, National Bureau of Economic Research42
TL;DR: Bioinformatics analyses imply that genes near general-risk-tolerance-associated SNPs are highly expressed in brain tissues and point to a role for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
Abstract: Humans vary substantially in their willingness to take risks. In a combined sample of over one million individuals, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of general risk tolerance, adventurousness, and risky behaviors in the driving, drinking, smoking, and sexual domains. We identified 611 approximately independent genetic loci associated with at least one of our phenotypes, including 124 with general risk tolerance. We report evidence of substantial shared genetic influences across general risk tolerance and risky behaviors: 72 of the 124 general risk tolerance loci contain a lead SNP for at least one of our other GWAS, and general risk tolerance is moderately to strongly genetically correlated ( to 0.50) with a range of risky behaviors. Bioinformatics analyses imply that genes near general-risk-tolerance-associated SNPs are highly expressed in brain tissues and point to a role for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. We find no evidence of enrichment for genes previously hypothesized to relate to risk tolerance.
85 citations
TL;DR: Findings give reason to take up the hypothesis that the dramatic increase in brain volume over the course of human evolution has been the result of natural selection favoring general intelligence.
44 citations
TL;DR: It is found that lay estimates of genetic influence on these traits cluster into four distinct groups, which differentially predict beliefs about human agency, political orientation, and religiosity.
Abstract: The fact that genes and environment contribute differentially to variation in human behaviors, traits and attitudes is central to the field of behavior genetics. Perceptions about these differential contributions may affect ideas about human agency. We surveyed two independent samples (N = 301 and N = 740) to assess beliefs about free will, determinism, political orientation, and the relative contribution of genes and environment to 21 human traits. We find that lay estimates of genetic influence on these traits cluster into four distinct groups, which differentially predict beliefs about human agency, political orientation, and religiosity. Despite apparent ideological associations with these beliefs, the correspondence between mean lay estimates and published heritability estimates for the surveyed traits is large (r = .77). Belief in genetic determinism emerges as a modest predictor of accuracy in these lay estimates. Additionally, educated mothers with multiple children emerge as particularly accurate in their estimates of the genetic contribution to these traits.
22 citations
Broad Institute1, Harvard University2, VU University Amsterdam3, University of Minnesota4, Hospital for Special Surgery5, University of Southern California6, University of Colorado Boulder7, Karolinska Institutet8, Uppsala University9, Stockholm School of Economics10, University of Queensland11, National Bureau of Economic Research12, New York University13, Research Institute of Industrial Economics14
TL;DR: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Abstract: In the version of the paper initially published, no competing interests were declared. The ‘Competing interests’ statement should have stated that B.M.N. is on the Scientific Advisory Board of Deep Genomics. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
12 citations
TL;DR: Based on the lower contamination risk, higher productivity, and cost efficiency, the ATF perfusion‐based TGE bioprocess can likely provide potential benefits to many future applications in vaccine and drug manufacturing.
Abstract: An alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion-based transient gene expression (TGE) bioprocess has been developed using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells to produce H1-ss-np, a promising candidate for a universal influenza vaccine. Two major adjustments were taken to improve the process: (1) eliminate the interference of microbubbles during gene transfection; and (2) utilize an ATF perfusion system for a prolonged culture period. As a result, a closed-operation 9-days ATF perfusion-based TGE bioprocess was developed. The TGE bioprocess showed continuous cell growth with high cell viability and prolonged cellular productivity that achieved recombinant product level of ~270 mg/L which was more than two times that of 4-days base-line TGE bioprocess. In addition, the consumables cost per milligram for ATF perfusion-based TGE bioprocess was ~70% lower than that of the base-line TGE bioprocess suggesting high cost savings potential in vaccine manufacturing. Based on the lower contamination risk, higher productivity, and cost efficiency, the ATF perfusion-based TGE bioprocess can likely provide potential benefits to many future applications in vaccine and drug manufacturing.
6 citations
TL;DR: Fertility is a moderately heritable trait, where much of the genetic influences are shared with psychological characteristics, and empirical knowledge regarding the genetics of fertility must be an essential part of any framework for understanding past and ongoing trends in human adaptive evolution.
Abstract: Heritable variation in fitness-survival and reproduction-is the fuel of evolution by natural selection. Many human societies have dramatically reduced mortality before and during the prime reproductive years, making fertility a reasonably good proxy for the whole of fitness in much of our species. For this reason, empirical knowledge regarding the genetics of fertility must be an essential part of any framework for understanding past and ongoing trends in human adaptive evolution. Here we use R.A. Fisher's analysis of human fertility as a starting point and find strong support from more recent research for his main contentions: fertility is a moderately heritable trait, where much of the genetic influences are shared with psychological characteristics.
3 citations