Tobias Zrzavy

TL;DR: The TREM2-APOE pathway is identified as a major regulator of microglial functional phenotype in neurodegenerative diseases and serves as a novel target that could aid in the restoration of homeostatic microglia.

TL;DR: The phenotype of microglia in evolving lesions from patients with multiple sclerosis is analysed and it is found that microglias lose their homeostatic phenotype in active lesions and express activation markers functionally related to tissue injury.

TL;DR: A topographic map of the frequency with which different brain regions are affected by demyelination and neurodegeneration is provided, and it is shown that demyelsinations involve inflammatory as well as vascular changes.

TL;DR: It is shown that the combination of inflammation, plaque-like primary demyelination and neurodegeneration in the cortex is specific for multiple sclerosis and is not seen in other chronic inflammatory diseases mediated by CD8-positive T cells (Rasmussen’s encephalitis), B cells (B cell lymphoma) or complex chronic inflammation (tuberculous meningitis)

TL;DR: MOG-IgG-positive EM is characterized by CSF features that are distinct from those in multiple sclerosis, important for the differential diagnosis of MS and MOG-EM and add to the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this newly described autoimmune disease.