There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects. Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy. Nanotube cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled nanotubes.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/297/5582/787.full.pdf

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Systems and methods discussed herein relate to Pb-Se based thermoelectric materials for use in thermoelectric applications, the thermoelectric materials may comprise one or more dopants and are ball-milled into a powder and hot-pressed to form pressed components. The pressed components comprise improved room temperature properties, including a ZT above about 0.5 from about 300 K to about 780 K, which leads to improved device efficiency and overall function.

THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS EMPLOYING Cr-DOPED N-TYPE PbSe AND PbTe1- xSex AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING

Design of Nanostructured Materials

Large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes are first made possible on substrates in 1998 by plasma enhanced chemical deposition [1, 2] in which the diameter and length of each carbon nanotube are under control, but not the growth angle, location, nor the spacing between them. Soon after, the titled growth has been achieved by controlling the plasma direction using the same growth technique [3], Almost at the same time, the control of location and spacing of the nanotubes have been accomplished using electron beam (e- beam) lithography to pattern the nickel dots first at where they are needed and then to grow the carbon nanotubes using the same growth technique [4, 5]. However, e-beam is not possible to be commercialized for large scale. Therefore, alternative cheap and scalable technique is sought. Fortunately, the catalytic dots have been fabricated by electrochemistry and excellent aligned carbon nanotubes arrays have been grown [6]. Due to the nature of electrochemistry, the control on location of each nanotube is lacking. For applications that do not require the pre-determined location of each nanotube such as regular electron source, the arrays grown using the dots by electrochemistry is good enough. However, for applications that do require the pre-determined location of each nanotube such as microscopic probing tips, nanophotonics, etc., the control of location of each nanotube is crucial. Recently, we have been successful to grow large arrays of carbon nanotubes with diameter, length, location, and spacing under control by a simple and scalable technique, nanosphere lithography [7]. Since the very first report on large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes, numerous papers have used the same or a slightly modified technique to grow aligned carbon nanotube arrays by either DC or microvave plasma CVD [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18].

Growth and Characterizations of Well-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Inspired by the rich physical properties of IV-VI compounds, we choose polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.01}\mathrm{Se}$ to investigate its structural, vibrational, and electrical transport properties under pressure up to 50 GPa. The structural transitions from the $B1$ to $Pnma$ phase and then to the $B2$ phase in this sample are verified by the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements. The formation of the intermediate phase is suggested to be mediated by Peierls distortion, and the broad hump in the temperature-dependent resistivity in the intermediate phase gives further evidence of this phenomenon. When the material evolves into the $B2$ phase, superconductivity is observed to emerge, accompanied by suppressing the broad hump of resistivity at intermediate temperatures. Meanwhile, Hall coefficient measurements indicate that the carrier type changes during the structural transitions. These results suggest that the superconductivity in the $B2$ phase for this material is originated by ``melting'' the Peierls lattice distortion. By extending the present findings to other similar IV-VI semiconductors, we propose that all group IV-VI compounds could exhibit superconductivity in their $B2$ phase due to the lattice melting at high pressures.

Lattice melting and superconductivity in a group IV-VI compound

To meet the ac loss measurement of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor correction-coil conductors, an ac superconducting magnet has been designed and manufactured at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), which can run at a frequency of 5 Hz and an amplitude field of 0.2 T. This ac magnet is made up of two layers of coils with NbTi superconducting strands and has good thermal conductive capacity. This paper describes the structural design and thermal analysis of the ac magnet with two different NbTi strands. The structural design of the compensation coil for the quench detection system is also discussed. Finally, the manufacture technique of the ac magnet is also presented.

Zhifeng Ren

Papers

THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS EMPLOYING Cr-DOPED N-TYPE PbSe AND PbTe1- xSex AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING

Design of Nanostructured Materials

Growth and Characterizations of Well-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Lattice melting and superconductivity in a group IV-VI compound

Design and Manufacture of the AC Superconducting Magnet for the Conductor Test Facility at ASIPP