Dartmouth College

About: Dartmouth College is a education organization based out in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 20740 authors who have published 51426 publications receiving 2796969 citations. The organization is also known as: Dartmouth.

Executive Compensation, Strategic Competition, and Relative Performance Evaluation: Theory and Evidence

Abstract: We examine compensation contracts for managers in imperfectly competitive product markets. We show that strategic interactions among firms can explain the lack of relative performance-based incentives in which compensation decreases with rival firm performance. The need to soften product market competition generates an optimal compensation contract that places a positive weight on both own and rival performance. Firms in more competitive industries place greater weight on rival firm performance relative to own firm performance. We find empirical evidence of a positive sensitivity of compensation to rival firm performance that is increasing in the degree of competition in the industry.

Core-binding factors in haematopoiesis and leukaemia.

Abstract: Core-binding factors (CBFs) are a class of haematopoietic transcription factors that are crucial for the regulation of haematopoietic ontogeny, and are frequent targets of mutation and gene rearrangement in human leukaemia. So, what are the functions of CBFs during development, and what are the functional consequences of CBF mutations in leukaemia? Synergy between these convergent lines of enquiry has furthered our understanding of both normal and malignant haematopoiesis.

Altered MicroRNA Expression Confined to Specific Epithelial Cell Subpopulations in Breast Cancer

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that are involved in diverse developmental and pathologic processes Altered miRNA expression has been associated with several types of human cancer However, most studies did not establish whether miRNA expression changes occurred within cells undergoing malignant transformation To obtain insight into miRNA deregulation in breast cancer, we implemented an in situ hybridization (ISH) method to reveal the spatial distribution of miRNA expression in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens representing normal and tumor tissue from >100 patient cases Here, we report that expression of miR-145 and miR-205 was restricted to the myoepithelial/basal cell compartment of normal mammary ducts and lobules, whereas their accumulation was reduced or completely eliminated in matching tumor specimens Conversely, expression of other miRNAs was detected at varying levels predominantly within luminal epithelial cells in normal tissue; expression of miR-21 was frequently increased, whereas that of let-7a was decreased in malignant cells We also analyzed the association of miRNA expression with that of epithelial markers; prognostic indicators such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2; as well as clinical outcome data This ISH approach provides a more direct and informative assessment of how altered miRNA expression contributes to breast carcinogenesis compared with miRNA expression profiling in gross tissue biopsies Most significantly, early manifestation of altered miR-145 expression in atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ lesions suggests that this miRNA may have a potential clinical application as a novel biomarker for early detection