Eli Lilly and Company

About: Eli Lilly and Company is a company organization based out in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 17826 authors who have published 22835 publications receiving 946714 citations. The organization is also known as: Eli Lily.

Negative symptoms: a path analytic approach to a double-blind, placebo- and haloperidol-controlled clinical trial with olanzapine.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The authors investigated whether primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia are enduring or treatment-responsive METHODS Previously, a double-blind, random-assignment trial of the novel antipsychotic olanzapine (in low, medium, and high dose ranges), placebo, or haloperidol (10-20 mg/day) for 335 schizophrenic inpatients was conducted for up to 52 weeks Changes in the treatment groups from baseline to endpoint in summary scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and several secondary measures were compared This article describes a path analysis to determine to what extent the total treatment effect on negative symptoms was direct or indirect (ie, mediated by differential effects on positive symptoms, extrapyramidal symptoms, or mood) RESULTS Significantly greater improvement was achieved with high-dose olanzapine than with placebo or haloperidol Olanzapine had a significantly greater direct effect than placebo on all SANS dimensions except anhedonia-asociality Olanzapine also demonstrated a significantly greater direct effect than haloperidol on negative symptoms, especially on the dimensions of affective flattening and avolition-apathy Olanzapine's superior effects were replicated in a subgroup with SANS-defined prominent negative symptoms (N = 116) and a subgroup with a BPRS-defined cross-sectional proxy for the deficit state (N = 117) CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are directly responsive to treatment The significantly greater direct and indirect effects of olanzapine than of haloperidol on negative symptoms are likely related to olanzapine's pleotrophic pharmacology, which includes dopaminergic, serotonergic, muscarinic, and adrenergic activities The results contribute to the hypothesis that negative symptoms may be under the influence of several neurotransmitters within one or more neuroanatomic circuits

Health state utilities for non small cell lung cancer

Abstract: Background Existing reports of utility values for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) vary quite widely and are not all suitable for use in submissions in the UK. The aim of this study was to elicit UK societal based utility values for different stages of NSCLC and different grade III-IV toxicities commonly associated with chemotherapy treatments. Toxicities included neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, fatigue, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, rash and hair loss.

Nitric Oxide Enhances Angiogenesis via the Synthesis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and cGMP After Stroke in the Rat

Abstract: We investigated the effects of NO on angiogenesis and the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a model of focal embolic cerebral ischemia in the rat. Compared with control rats, systemic administration of an NO donor, DETANONOate, to rats 24 hours after stroke significantly enlarged vascular perimeters and increased the number of proliferated cerebral endothelial cells and the numbers of newly generated vessels in the ischemic boundary regions, as evaluated by 3-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy. Treatment with DETANONOate significantly increased VEGF levels in the ischemic boundary regions as measured by ELISA. A capillary-like tube formation assay was used to investigate whether DETANONOate increases angiogenesis in ischemic brain via activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. DETANONOate-induced capillary-like tube formation was completely inhibited by a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ). Blocking VEGF activity by a neutralized antibody against VEGF receptor 2 significantly attenuated DETANONOate-induced capillary-like tube formation. Moreover, systemic administration of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (Sildenafil) to rats 24 hours after stroke significantly increased angiogenesis in the ischemic boundary regions. Sildenafil and an analog of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) also induced capillary-like tube formation. These findings suggest that exogenous NO enhances angiogenesis in ischemic brain, which is mediated by the NO/cGMP pathway. Furthermore, our data suggest that NO, in part via VEGF, may enhance angiogenesis in ischemic brain.

Efficacy of Duloxetine on Cognition, Depression, and Pain in Elderly Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: An 8-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Abstract: Objective: This study compared the effects of duloxetine, 60 mg/day, versus placebo on cognition, depression, and pain in elderly patients with recurrent major depressive disorder. Method: Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to duloxetine, 60 mg/day (N=207), or placebo (N=104) for 8 weeks in a double-blind study. The primary outcome measure was a prespecified composite cognitive score composed of four individual tests. Secondary measures included the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale assessing pain, and standard safety and tolerability assessments. Results: Patients had a median age of 72 years (range=65–90). Duloxetine demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the composite cognitive score versus placebo (least-squares mean change from baseline to endpoint: 1.95 versus 0.76), driven by improved verbal learning and memory. Duloxetine treatment showed significantly greater baseline-to-endpoint reductions in both Hamilton depression scale (...