Showing papers by "Flinders University published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive and critical review on the effective parameters in optimal planning process of solar PV and battery storage system for grid-connected residential sector is presented, where new guidelines should be provided for the customers based on various electricity rates and demand response programs.
Abstract: Integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems is an upward trend for residential sector to achieve major targets like minimizing the electricity bill, grid dependency, emission and so forth. In recent years, there has been a rapid deployment of PV and battery installation in residential sector. In this regard, optimal planning of PV-battery systems is a critical issue for the designers, consumers, and network operators due to high number of parameters that can affect the optimization problem. This paper aims to present a comprehensive and critical review on the effective parameters in optimal planning process of solar PV and battery storage system for grid-connected residential sector. The key parameters in process of optimal planning for PV-battery system are recognized and explained. These parameters are economic and technical data, objective functions, energy management systems, design constraints, optimization algorithms, and electricity pricing programs. A timely review on the state-of-the-art studies in PV-battery optimal planning is presented. The challenges, trends and latest developments in the topic are discussed. At the end, scopes for future studies are developed. It is found that new guidelines should be provided for the customers based on various electricity rates and demand response programs. Also, several design considerations like grid dependency and resiliency need further investigation in the optimal planning of PV-battery systems.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors quantitatively assess the uptake of nanoplastics by the fish gut using palladium-doped nanoplastic nanoparticles and show that in 4 hours between 200 and 700 million nanoplayers can enter the mucosa and muscularis layers of the intestine of salmon.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the concentration-dependent effects of imidacloprid on the physiology and biochemistry, gut microbiota and transcriptome of decapod crustaceans were studied.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the polymer coating on tensile strength, Young's modulus, and interfacial properties of carbon fiber in an epoxy resin was determined, with the most notable improvements to the most crucial limitations of carbon fibre being 38%, 15% and 192.5%, respectively.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a fluxional bis-monodentate ligand, based on the archetypal shape-shifting molecule bullvalene, self-assembles with M2+ (M = Pd2+ or Pt2+) to produce a highly complex ensemble of permanently fluxional coordination cages.
Abstract: A fluxional bis-monodentate ligand, based on the archetypal shape-shifting molecule bullvalene, self-assembles with M2+ (M = Pd2+ or Pt2+) to produce a highly complex ensemble of permanently fluxional coordination cages. Metal-mediated self-assembly selects for an M2L4 architecture while maintaining shape-shifting ligand complexity. A second level of simplification is achieved with guest-exchange; the binding of halides within the M2L4 cage mixture results in a convergence to a cage species with all four ligands present as the “B isomer”. Within this confine, the reaction graph of the bullvalene is greatly restricted, but gives rise to a mixture of 38 possible diastereoisomers in rapid exchange. X-ray crystallography reveals a preference for an achiral form consisting of both ligand enantiomers. Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, we elucidate the restricted isomerisation pathway of the permanently fluxional M2L4 assembly.
19 citations
14 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the synthesis of a formal terminal nitride complex of palladium was reported, with a diradical nitrogen ligand that is singly bonded to PdII.
Abstract: C-H amination and amidation by catalytic nitrene transfer are well-established and typically proceed via electrophilic attack of nitrenoid intermediates. In contrast, the insertion of (formal) terminal nitride ligands into C-H bonds is much less developed and catalytic nitrogen atom transfer remains unknown. We here report the synthesis of a formal terminal nitride complex of palladium. Photocrystallographic, magnetic, and computational characterization support the assignment as an authentic metallonitrene (Pd-N) with a diradical nitrogen ligand that is singly bonded to PdII . Despite the subvalent nitrene character, selective C-H insertion with aldehydes follows nucleophilic selectivity. Transamidation of the benzamide product is enabled by reaction with N3 SiMe3 . Based on these results, a photocatalytic protocol for aldehyde C-H trimethylsilylamidation was developed that exhibits inverted, nucleophilic selectivity as compared to typical nitrene transfer catalysis. This first example of catalytic C-H nitrogen atom transfer offers facile access to primary amides after deprotection.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element (FE) model was proposed to separate the role played by both the mechanical and chemical mechanisms in taperosis, and the FE-predicted wear patterns were comparable with those observed in a number of retrieved tapers.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Golden eagle optimizer with double learning strategies (GEO-DLS) is proposed to solve the problem of UAV path planning in the complex environment.
15 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors monitored biofilm formation on control and nanostructured titanium disc surfaces over 21 days following inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Abstract: The demand for joint replacement and other orthopedic surgeries involving titanium implants is continuously increasing; however, 1%-2% of surgeries result in costly and devastating implant associated infections (IAIs). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are two common pathogens known to colonise implants, leading to serious complications. Bioinspired surfaces with spike-like nanotopography have previously been shown to kill bacteria upon contact; however, the longer-term potential of such surfaces to prevent or delay biofilm formation is unclear. Hence, we monitored biofilm formation on control and nanostructured titanium disc surfaces over 21 days following inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. We found a consistent 2-log or higher reduction in live bacteria throughout the time course for both bacteria. The biovolume on nanostructured discs was also significantly lower than control discs at all time points for both bacteria. Analysis of the biovolume revealed that for the nanostructured surface, bacteria was killed not just on the surface, but at locations above the surface. Interestingly, pockets of bacterial regrowth on top of the biomass occurred in both bacterial species, however this was more pronounced for S. aureus cultures after 21 days. We found that the nanostructured surface showed antibacterial properties throughout this longitudinal study. To our knowledge this is the first in vitro study to show reduction in the viability of bacterial colonisation on a nanostructured surface over a clinically relevant time frame, providing potential to reduce the likelihood of implant associated infections.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the association of HbA1c with As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in single-metal exposure and multi-metal co-exposure models was explored.
13 citations
TL;DR: An automatic detector device that operates based on two diagnostic indicators, third to fifth harmonic ratio of the insulator's LC signal and cosine of phase angle difference between fundamental signals of the voltage and LC, designed and built for monitoring insulators state in overhead distribution lines.
Abstract: An automatic detector device (ADD) has been designed and built for monitoring insulators state in overhead distribution lines. The prototyped device is suitable for measurement and analysis of the insulator leakage current ( LC ) on lines of distribution systems to diagnose insulator state. It operates based on two diagnostic indicators, third to fifth harmonic ratio (R3/5%) of the insulator's LC signal and cosine of phase angle difference (P.D%) between fundamental signals of the voltage and LC . Experimental data of the indicators in various conditions and various insulators are used to train a classifier for determining reference values of the indices for insulator state detection. The instrument has two physically separate parts: receiver and transmitter. They communicate via a radio communication channel which improves the effectiveness of incident management. The transmitter samples the LC signal of the target insulator using a ferrite core along with a series of active electronic filters. The sampled LC signal is then sent to the receiver. The transmitted LC signal is analyzed by the microprocessor embedded in receiver CPU. Indicators of the transmitted LC signal are calculated and compared with reference values extracted from the classifier. The receiver determines the insulator's state based on the comparison of the estimated and reference values of diagnostic indicators for the target insulator. The performance of the prototyped ADD was evaluated experimentally in the laboratory as well as on overhead distribution lines. These performance tests confirmed reliable performance of the ADD.
TL;DR: In this paper, the association of HbA1c with As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in single-metal exposure and multi-metal co-exposure models was explored.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed and compared two approaches, (i) Raman imaging, combined with logic-based and principal component analysis (PCA)-based algorithms, and (ii) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS).
TL;DR: In this article , a finite element (FE) model was proposed for tribocorrosion at the head-neck junction of hip implants, which addresses the synergy in tribocorerosion to separate the role played by both the mechanical and chemical mechanisms.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the effectiveness of early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), and explored similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.
Abstract: Introduction Little is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity. Methods and analysis Annual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as clinical trial registries. Eligible randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions to prevent childhood obesity commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth will be invited to join the Transforming Obesity in CHILDren Collaboration. Standard ontologies will be used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials provided by trialists. Narrative syntheses will be performed to summarise intervention components and compare applied BCTs by types of target behaviours. Exploratory analyses will be undertaken to assess effectiveness of intervention components. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project no. 2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (project no. HREC CIA2133-1). The study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with key stakeholders. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020177408.
TL;DR: Two-slope broken-line regression analysis of specific growth rate and weight gain against the dietary GABA levels showed that dietary GABA at the optimal dietary level was 84–89 mg/kg, and this level can improve growth performance, food intake, digestion and absorption in juvenile E. sinensis.
TL;DR: A copolymer made from sulfur and dicyclopentadiene was used as a mercury sorbent, and also as a protective and repairable coating as mentioned in this paper , which was useful as a shell.
TL;DR: In this article , the surface chemistry of silica nanoparticles of 20 nm diameter was tailored via plasma polymerization with amine, carboxylic acid, oxazolines, and alkane functionalities.
Abstract: Nanoparticles are widely used for biomedical applications such as vaccine, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. This study aims to reveal the influence of nanoparticle surface functionalization on protein corona formation from blood serum and plasma and the subsequent effects on the innate immune cellular responses. To achieve this goal, the surface chemistry of silica nanoparticles of 20 nm diameter was tailored via plasma polymerization with amine, carboxylic acid, oxazolines, and alkane functionalities. The results of this study show significant surface chemistry-induced differences in protein corona composition, which reflect in the subsequent inflammatory consequences. Nanoparticles rich with carboxylic acid surface functionalities increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to higher level of complement proteins and decreased the number of lipoproteins found in their protein coronas. On another hand, amine rich coatings led to increased expressions of anti-inflammatory markers such as arginase. The findings demonstrate the potential to direct physiological responses to nanomaterials via tailoring their surface chemical composition.
TL;DR: This article conducted a critical discourse analysis of publicly available documents and interviews with the Western Sydney City Deal (WSCD)'s main architects, applying insights from relevant theories, finding that "pro-growth" discourse to encourage economic investment dominates any references to disadvantage.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count, neutrophIL-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and PLR, and COVID-19 progression and mortality.
Abstract: Severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are associated with alterations in blood cells that regulate immunity, inflammation, and hemostasis. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and COVID-19 progression and mortality.A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between January 2020 and June 2022.In 71 studies reporting the investigated parameters within 48 hours of admission, higher NLR (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.27, p < 0.0001), relative neutrophilia (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.80, p < 0.0001), relative lymphopenia (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.08, p < 0.001), and relative thrombocytopenia (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.22, p < 0.001), but not PLR (p = 0.11), were significantly associated with disease progression and mortality. Between-study heterogeneity was large-to-extreme. The magnitude and direction of the effect size were not modified in sensitivity analysis.NLR and neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet count significantly discriminate COVID-19 patients with different progression and survival outcomes. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021267875).
TL;DR: Dietary MI supplementation can effectively alleviate the negative effect of chronic copper exposure on E. sinensis and markedly ameliorated the copper-induced oxidative stress, immune and hepatopancreas damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammatory responses.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors synthesized evidence on inequities in routine childhood vaccination coverage (PROSPERO, CRD 42021257431) and found moderate evidence for inequity in reducing the vaccination coverage of children during COVID-19 lockdowns and moderately strong evidence for an increase in inequity compared with pre-pandemic months (before March 2020).
Abstract: Routine childhood vaccination coverage rates fell in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the impact of inequity on coverage is unknown.We synthesised evidence on inequities in routine childhood vaccination coverage (PROSPERO, CRD 42021257431). Studies reporting empirical data on routine vaccination coverage in children 0-18 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic by equity stratifiers were systematically reviewed. Nine electronic databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 18 January 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Tool for Cohort Studies. Overall, 91 of 1453 studies were selected for full paper review, and thirteen met the inclusion criteria.The narrative synthesis found moderate evidence for inequity in reducing the vaccination coverage of children during COVID-19 lockdowns and moderately strong evidence for an increase in inequity compared with pre-pandemic months (before March 2020). Two studies reported higher rates of inequity among children aged less than one year, and one showed higher inequity rates in middle- compared with high-income countries.Evidence from a limited number of studies shows the effect of the pandemic on vaccine coverage inequity. Research from more countries is required to assess the global effect on inequity in coverage.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors presented the first determination of m s effects to the dimension six matrix elements of these four quark operators via a heavy quark effective theory (HQET) sum rule analysis.
Abstract: A bstract In the heavy quark expansion (HQE) of the total decay rates of B s and $$ {D}_s^{+} $$ D s + mesons non-perturbative matrix elements of four quark operators are arising as phase space enhanced contributions. We present the first determination of m s effects to the dimension six matrix elements of these four quark operators via a heavy quark effective theory (HQET) sum rule analysis. In addition we calculate for the first time eye contractions of the four quark operators as well as matrix elements of penguin operators. For the perturbative part we solve the 3-loop contribution to the sum rule and we evaluate condensate contributions. In this study we work in the strict HQET limit and our results can also be used to estimate the size of the matrix element of the Darwin operator via equations of motion.
TL;DR: Dietary vitamin A requirement for E. sinensis is 5340 for WG and 5540 IU/kg for SGR based on the broken-line model and the transcriptome sequencing data showed that the expression of genes related to immunity, antioxidant capacity, lipolysis and β-oxidation was up-regulated and down-regulated.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated urinary neopterin, a marker of pro-inflammatory state, as a potential biomarker of disease prognosis and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and compared its utility to urinary neurotrophin receptor p75 extracellular domain (p75ECD ).
Abstract: The aim was to evaluate urinary neopterin, a marker of pro-inflammatory state, as a potential biomarker of disease prognosis and progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and to compare its utility to urinary neurotrophin receptor p75 extracellular domain (p75ECD ).This was an observational study including 21 healthy controls and 46 people with ALS, 29 of whom were sampled longitudinally. Neopterin and p75ECD were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Baseline and longitudinal changes in clinical measures, neopterin and urinary p75ECD were examined, and prognostic utility was explored by survival analysis.At baseline, urinary neopterin was higher in ALS compared to controls (181.7 ± 78.9 μmol/mol creatinine vs. 120.4 ± 60.8 μmol/mol creatinine, p = 0.002, Welch's t test) and correlated with the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (r = -0.36, p = 0.01). Combining previously published urinary p75ECD results from 22 ALS patients with a further 24 ALS patients, baseline urinary p75ECD was also higher compared to healthy controls (6.0 ± 2.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0 ng/mg creatinine, p < 0.0001) and correlated with the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (r = -0.36, p = 0.01). Urinary neopterin and p75ECD correlated with each other at baseline (r = 0.38, p = 0.009). In longitudinal analysis, urinary neopterin increased on average (±SE) by 6.8 ± 1.1 µmol/mol creatinine per month (p < 0.0001) and p75ECD by 0.19 ± 0.02 ng/mg creatinine per month (p < 0.0001) from diagnosis in 29 ALS patients.Urinary neopterin holds promise as marker of disease progression in ALS and is worthy of future evaluation for its potential to predict response to anti-inflammatory therapies.
TL;DR: In this article, a vortex fluidic device (VFD) was used to control physicochemical, structural, and mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel; thus, providing a dominant biomaterial system for different biomedical applications.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored fairness as a fundamental quality of assessments and validated human judgement and shared subjectivity in assessment decisions alongside objective methods, which can add significant value in ensuring learners are better equipped to be the health professionals required of the 21st century.
Abstract: Health professions education has undergone significant changes over the last few decades, including the rise of competency-based medical education, a shift to authentic workplace-based assessments, and increased emphasis on programmes of assessment. Despite these changes, there is still a commonly held assumption that objectivity always leads to and is the only way to achieve fairness in assessment. However, there are well-documented limitations to using objectivity as the 'gold standard' to which assessments are judged. Fairness, on the other hand, is a fundamental quality of assessment and a principle that almost no one contests. Taking a step back and changing perspectives to focus on fairness in assessment may help re-set a traditional objective approach and identify an equal role for subjective human judgement in assessment alongside objective methods. This paper explores fairness as a fundamental quality of assessments. This approach legitimises human judgement and shared subjectivity in assessment decisions alongside objective methods. Widening the answer to the question: 'What is fair assessment' to include not only objectivity but also expert human judgement and shared subjectivity can add significant value in ensuring learners are better equipped to be the health professionals required of the 21st century.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesize research evidence on perceptions and help-seeking behaviours in community-dwelling older people with urinary incontinence based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviours model.
Abstract: To synthesize research evidence on perceptions and help-seeking behaviours in community-dwelling older people with urinary incontinence based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviours model.Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent in community-dwelling older people, yet only a small proportion seek help from health professionals. Untreated urinary incontinence has a detrimental impact on older people's quality of life and distresses their caregivers.Systematic integrative review.Ten databases were searched systematically between 9 November 2020 and 17 December 2020 including Medline (PubMed), CINAHL, Ageline, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Psyclnfo, CNKI, Wanfang and Vip.Quality appraisal was applied to assess the quality of selected articles. Data relevant to the review aim were extracted from included articles for analysis. Convergent qualitative synthesis was used to synthesize findings.Twenty articles were included and two main themes with six sub-themes were identified. Theme one described three common perceptions including urinary incontinence as a part of normal ageing, a stigma and a health problem. Each perception had a profound impact on older people's motivation to self-report the problem to health professionals. Theme two revealed three main help-seeking approaches comprising self-help, help from friends and help from health professionals. Of these, self-help was the dominant approach used to conceal urinary incontinence and contributed to social isolation.Improving urinary incontinence management in community-dwelling older people requires the development of their capability and motivation, and increased opportunities to access and gain help from skilled health professionals.Findings can facilitate resource development to improve health literacy for the general public pertinent to urinary incontinence and associated stigma. Moreover, findings can inform a user-friendly reporting and referral system for the problem. In addition, findings can inform education and skill training for health professionals, older people and their caregivers to effectively manage the problem.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analytical solution that provides the dynamic response of laterally loaded pile groups with an arbitrary number of piles installed in layered soil, which allows modelling robustly pile-to-pile interaction effects via a new stress-based interaction factor, that considers the fact that soil displacements along the periphery of large-diameter piles of a group subjected to lateral loads will not be in-phase.
TL;DR: Watson et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a sound and complete algorithm for computing explanatory factors with respect to a given context and set of agentive preferences, allowing users to identify necessary and sufficient conditions for desired outcomes at minimal cost.
Abstract: Abstract Necessity and sufficiency are the building blocks of all successful explanations. Yet despite their importance, these notions have been conceptually underdeveloped and inconsistently applied in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), a fast-growing research area that is so far lacking in firm theoretical foundations. In this article, an expanded version of a paper originally presented at the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (Watson et al., 2021), we attempt to fill this gap. Building on work in logic, probability, and causality, we establish the central role of necessity and sufficiency in XAI, unifying seemingly disparate methods in a single formal framework. We propose a novel formulation of these concepts, and demonstrate its advantages over leading alternatives. We present a sound and complete algorithm for computing explanatory factors with respect to a given context and set of agentive preferences, allowing users to identify necessary and sufficient conditions for desired outcomes at minimal cost. Experiments on real and simulated data confirm our method’s competitive performance against state of the art XAI tools on a diverse array of tasks.