Institut de veille sanitaire

About: Institut de veille sanitaire is a healthcare organization based out in Saint-Maurice, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 1055 authors who have published 1547 publications receiving 56945 citations. The organization is also known as: INVS & InVS.

Les réadmissions pour asthme en France, 2002-2005

Abstract: Introduction Les hospitalisations pour asthme sont en grande partie evitables. Cette analyse avait pour objectif de decrire les readmissions pour asthme. Methodes Les sejours enregistres dans le PMSI, survenus entre 2002 et 2005 en France metropolitaine chez des patients âges de 2-44 ans et comprenant un diagnostic principal d’asthme ou d’insuffisance respiratoire aigue associee a un asthme ont ete etudies. Les taux de readmission a 7 jours et a 1 an ont ete estimes par la methode de Kaplan-Meier. Resultats Le risque a 1 an de readmission pour asthme etait de 15,0 %. Il variait avec l’âge (plus eleve chez les 2-4 ans et les 35-44 ans) et le sexe (plus eleve chez les femmes de 10-34 ans) et augmentait avec la duree de l’hospitalisation index. Le risque de readmission a 7 jours etait de 1,1 % et etait plus eleve pour les hospitalisations les plus courtes. Conclusion Les readmissions pour asthme constituent un indicateur de surveillance de l’asthme pertinent, notamment de sa prise en charge. A l’avenir, la disponibilite d’un nombre croissant d’annees consecutives et le chainage avec l’ensemble des donnees de remboursement de l’assurance-maladie devraient permettre d’apporter des informations sur l’asthme grave en France.

Épidémiologie de la coqueluche en France

Abstract: Resume Malgre l'atteinte de niveaux de couverture vaccinale tres eleves depuis plus de 30 ans avec un vaccin dont le pouvoir protecteur a ete confirme par les donnees de surveillance et d'investigations d'epidemies, la coqueluche n'a pas ete eliminee en France. Les donnees d'une enquete multicentrique hospitaliere realisee en 1993–94, ainsi que celles obtenues a travers le reseau de surveillance hospitalier pediatrique Renacoq etabli a la suite de cette etude, ont permis de caracteriser l'epidemiologie actuelle de la maladie et de comprendre la raison de la persistance de la circulation de Bordetella pertussis. Une duree de protection conferee par la vaccination d'environ dix ans a conduit, dans un contexte d'absence de rappel naturel lie a la reduction de la circulation de la bacterie sauvage, a la constitution d'un reservoir de grands enfants et jeunes adultes susceptibles. Ceux-ci constituent, en particulier dans les departements ou la couverture vaccinale est la plus elevee, la principale source de contamination des tres jeunes nourrissons avant qu'ils n'aient pu etre proteges par une serie vaccinale complete. Ce constat a ete a la base de l'introduction en 1998 dans le calendrier vaccinal francais, d'un rappel de vaccination contre la coqueluche a 11–13 ans, reposant sur l'utilisation des nouveaux vaccins acellulaires. Le suivi de l'impact de cette mesure en particulier sur l'incidence de la maladie dans la premiere annee de vie est effectuee par les pediatres et bacteriologistes volontaires participant au reseau Renacoq.

Relevance of safety measures to avoid HTLV transmission by transfusion in 2014

Abstract: In high-income countries, the safety of blood transfusion related to viruses has reached a very high level, especially thanks to the implementation of multiple measures aimed at reducing the transfusion risk. The cost-effectiveness of these preventive measures is frequently discussed due to global financial resources, which are more and more limited. Hence, the revision of safety strategies is a key issue, especially when these strategies are redundant, as those implemented to avoid Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) transmission, which are based on both antibodies screening and leucoreduction of blood products. The residual risk of the transmission of HTLV by transfusion has been recently estimated at 1 in 20 million donations (2010-2012) in France (excluding overseas territories). This estimation did not take into account the leucoreduction, which appears to be a very efficient preventive measure as the virus is strictly intra-cellular. To help decision-making, we have evaluated some parameters related to HTLV blood transmission. Firstly, the probability that an incident occurring during the leucoreduction process affects a HTLV-positive blood donation has been estimated at 1 in 178 million. Estimation of clinical consequences of HTLV-positive transfusions would affect 1 to 2 transfused-patients without leucoreduction, and one recipient every 192 years in case of 10% failures of the filtration method. Obviously, despite a risk, which appears to be controlled, HTLV screening will be disputed as soon as the efficiency of leucoreduction to totally prevent virus blood transmission will be proven and when pathogen inactivation methods are generalized to all blood cellular products.

Effectiveness of different policies in preventing meningococcal disease clusters following a single case in day-care and pre-school settings in Europe.

Abstract: National policies for chemoprophylaxis after single cases of meningococcal disease in day-care or nursery settings vary across Europe We carried out a multi-national retrospective study to compare the effectiveness of different policies Countries were divided into those recommending chemoprophylaxis only to close contacts (policy A, close) and those recommending chemoprophylaxis for all children in the same nursery (policy B, mass) Country-specific relative risk (RR) of a cluster was defined as the ratio of the number of clusters observed to the number of clusters expected by chance In total, 37 clusters were identified between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2002 After adjusting for marked heterogeneity in RR by country, the ratio of RR between countries suggested possible benefit from mass prophylaxis (RR ratio 38, 95% CI 07-220), although the difference was not statistically significant (P=022) The costs of this approach and the low risk of clustering need to be taken into account when deciding national policy

Psychosocial risk factors for depressive symptoms after the AZF chemical factory explosion in Toulouse, France

Abstract: Background: On 21 September 2001, a huge explosion occurred in a chemical plant in Toulouse. The hypothesis of the study was that the level of depressive symptoms after an industrial disaster would be related to the intensity of exposure and the characteristics of the exposed population, as well as to the consequences of the disaster during the following months. Methods: A random sample of the population living close to the plant at the time of the explosion was included in a cross-sectional study, and 811 persons aged >18 years were interviewed at home. The depressive symptoms score was analysed by gender in relation to characteristics of the population before the explosion, immediate exposure to the explosion and post-trauma factors. Results: The mean depressive symptoms scores (±SD) 18 months after the explosion were 17.8 (±1) in women and 13.5 (±1) in men. Age > 45 years and psychiatric treatment in the previous year; high immediate exposure (proximity to the site at the time of the explosion <2500 m); and post-trauma factors such as financial difficulties or physical sequelae during the months after the disaster were related to a higher depressive symptoms score in both men and women. Conclusion: In the population living near the site of an industrial explosion, individual vulnerability, exposure and post-trauma factors were associated with depressive symptoms. All three sets of factors need to be taken into account when planning a response to a disaster and reducing the psychological aftermath.