Institut de veille sanitaire

About: Institut de veille sanitaire is a healthcare organization based out in Saint-Maurice, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 1055 authors who have published 1547 publications receiving 56945 citations. The organization is also known as: INVS & InVS.

Excess of infections due to a multi-drug sensitive Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in France in June 2008.

Abstract: An unusually high number of cases of Salmonella Typhimurium was reported in France in June 2008. In the course of epidemiological investigations 112 cases were ascertained, of whom 75 were interviewed. Subtyping by PFGE and MLVA identified a strain named ""majority profile"". Subtyping results were available for 45 interviewed cases, 30 of whom (majority below 15 years of age) were found to be infected with the majority profile strain. Evidence suggested the occurrence of an outbreak due to a monoclonal S. Typhimurium strain with the single PFGE profile XTYM-50. Cases with identical PFGE profile were also detected in Switzerland but no link with outbreaks occurring in the same period in Denmark and in the Netherlands was found. Contamination of a product distributed nationally was suggested as the cause of the outbreak but investigations did not reveal any specific food source.

Déclenchement d’un dépistage systématique du saturnisme infantile autour des sites industriels

Abstract: Position du probleme L’exposition des enfants au plomb, meme a faibles doses, peut provoquer des troubles neuro-comportementaux et intellectuels. La conference de consensus sur l’intoxication au plomb de l’enfant de 1 a 6 ans et de la femme enceinte, tenue en France en 2003, a estime que l’exposition industrielle etait une des priorites de mise en œuvre du depistage de l’intoxication au plomb. Il importe donc definir des criteres de selection des sites autour desquels un depistage systematique est a engager car la mesure de la plombemie necessite un prelevement sanguin, geste invasif. Methodes Nous proposons de modeliser la plombemie des enfants de 1 a 6 ans, a partir de mesurages environnementaux, de parametres humains d’exposition et d’une relation dose d’exposition-plombemie. Les criteres decisionnels proposes sont les plombemies, moyenne et defavorable, predites par le modele. Cette methode est illustree par le cas reel d’une fonderie. Resultats Pour la fonderie etudiee, les expositions modelisees sont inferieures a 100 μg(Pb)/l(sang) et ne conduisent pas a recommander un depistage systematique du saturnisme infantile. Conclusion L’estimation indirecte des expositions associee a une prediction des plombemies est utile pour determiner la pertinence du saturnisme infantile autour d’un site industriel. Des pistes d’ameliorations de cet outil d’aide a la decision sont proposees.

Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Antibiotic Use for the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired Infections at 393 French Hospitals: A Regional Variation Analysis

Abstract: Objective The present study investigated regional variations in antibiotic use for the treatment of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in France by means of a multilevel analysis, to identify targets for quality improvement. Methods Data were obtained from the 2001 and 2006 French national point-prevalence surveys of HAIs and antibiotic use. The present study was conducted using data from 393 nonteaching public hospitals. Data included patient characteristics calculated at the hospital level (mean age and proportion of patients with the following: HAI, presence of a vascular catheter, presence of a urinary catheter, surgical procedure, and immunodeficiency) and hospital characteristics (size and presence of an intensive care unit). The regional effect was measured using a random intercept on a regional variable. Results Overall, the prevalence of antibiotic use was 5.35% for both study years. The most commonly used antibiotics for HAIs were fluoroquinolones (2001, 1.33%; 2006, 1.35%) and combinations of penicillins with a β-lactamase inhibitor (2001, 0.92%; 2006, 1.02%). Mapping of antibiotic use showed wide variation between regions. The regional effect explained 3% of antibiotic variation in the unadjusted analysis. In the multivariable analysis, hospital size, high prevalence of patients with immunodeficiency, and infection characteristics explained 45% of the variability in antibiotic use. The regional effect was not retained in the final model. Conclusion The pattern of antibiotic use for HAIs differed over time, and regional variations were mostly explained by patient characteristics; there was no regional effect. Models that take data hierarchy into account are essential to better approach antibiotic use and develop relevant strategies for improvement.

Child poisonings with methadone in France: A 6-year prospective national survey since the availability of capsules in 2008

Abstract: Background Methadone for opiate substitution was available only in syrup formulation prior to 2008 In 2007, the French Health Authorities made solid forms available A national survey was performed in order to evaluate the modification of child poisonings induced by such a new pharmaceutical formulation Methods A prospective study was set up (April 15, 2008 to April 15, 2014) with the analysis of cases of unintentional ingestion of methadone by patients under 18 years old and managed by the 10 French poison control centers at the national level As soon as a new pediatric exposure was recorded in the informatics data bank of the Poison Centers, a telephone survey was performed by the Marseilles’ Poison Center to obtain the evolution and all the necessary details Results 87 cases of child poisonings with the 2 forms were reviewed (syrup, 56 patients; capsules, 31 patients) Comparison shows that patients were similar for both formulations (no significant difference concerning age [median 2 ye