Institution
Scottish Association for Marine Science
Facility•Oban, United Kingdom•
About: Scottish Association for Marine Science is a facility organization based out in Oban, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Sea ice & Benthic zone. The organization has 524 authors who have published 1765 publications receiving 70783 citations. The organization is also known as: SAMS & Scottish Marine Station for Scientific Research.
Topics: Sea ice, Benthic zone, Population, Climate change, Arctic
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The importance of long-term carbon storage in marine habitats is rapidly gaining recognition and is increasingly a focus of national and international efforts to mitigate rising atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: We welcome the recent synthesis by
Howard et al. (2017), which drew
attention to the role of marine systems
and natural carbon sequestration
in the oceans as a fundamental
aspect of climate-change
mitigation.
The importance of long-term
carbon
storage in marine habitats (ie “blue
carbon”) is rapidly gaining recognition
and is increasingly a
focus of national and international
attempts to mitigate rising atmospheric
emissions of carbon dioxide.
However, effectively managing blue
carbon requires an appreciation of
the inherent connectivity between
marine populations and habitats.
More so than their terrestrial counterparts,
marine ecosystems are
“open”, with high rates of transfer of
energy, matter, genetic material, and
species across regional seascapes
(Kinlan and Gaines 2003). We suggest
that policy frameworks, and the
science underpinning them, should
focus not only on carbon sink habitats
but also on carbon source habitats,
which play critical roles in
marine carbon cycling and natural
carbon sequestration in the oceans.
43 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that algal associate bacteria independently modify the growth of the host cell under non-limiting growth conditions and supports the concept thatAlgal–bacterial interactions are an important structuring mechanism in phytoplankton communities.
Abstract: Marine phytoplankton cells grow in close association with a complex microbial associate community known to affect the growth, behavior and physiology of the algal host. The relative scale and importance these effects compared to other major factors governing algal cell growth remain unclear. Using algal-bacteria co-culture models based on the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum, we tested the hypothesis that associate bacteria exert an independent effect on host algal cell growth. Batch co-cultures of G. catenatum were grown under identical environmental conditions with simplified bacterial communities composed of one-, two- or three-bacterial associates. Modification of the associate community membership and complexity induced up to four-fold changes in dinoflagellate growth rate, equivalent to the effect of a 5°C change in temperature or an almost 6-fold change in light intensity (20-115 moles photons PAR m-2 s-1). Almost three-fold changes in both stationary phase cell concentration and death rate were also observed. Co-culture with Roseobacter sp. DG874 reduced dinoflagellate exponential growth rate and led to a more rapid death rate compared with mixed associate community controls or co-culture with either Marinobacter sp. DG879, Alcanivorax sp. DG881. In contrast, associate bacteria concentration was positively correlated with dinoflagellate cell concentration during the exponential growth phase, indicating growth was limited by supply of dinoflagellate-derived carbon. Bacterial growth increased rapidly at the onset of declining and stationary phases due to either increasing availability of algal-derived carbon induced by nutrient stress and autolysis, or at mid-log phase in Roseobacter co-cultures potentially due to the onset of bacterial-mediated cell lysis. Co-cultures with the three bacterial associates resulted in dinoflagellate and bacterial growth dynamics very similar to more complex mixed bacterial community controls, suggesting that three-way co-cultures are sufficient to model interaction and growth dynamics of more complex communities. This study demonstrates that algal associate bacteria independently modify the growth of the host cell under non-limiting growth conditions and supports the concept that algal-bacterial interactions are an important structuring mechanism in phytoplankton communities.
43 citations
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26 Jul 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a Lagrangian view of the winter-to-summer transition of sea ice breakup and floe size distribution at each cluster between March and August was provided.
Abstract: Breakup of the near-continuous winter sea ice into discrete summer ice floes is an important transition that dictates the evolution and fate of the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean. During the winter of 2014, more than 50 autonomous drifting buoys were deployed in four separate clusters on the sea ice in the Beaufort Sea, as part of the Office of Naval Research MIZ program. These systems measured the ocean-ice-atmosphere properties at their location whilst the sea ice parameters in the surrounding area of these buoy clusters were continuously monitored by satellite TerraSAR-X Synthetic Aperture Radar. This approach provided a unique Lagrangian view of the winter-to-summer transition of sea ice breakup and floe size distribution at each cluster between March and August. The results show the critical timings of a) temporary breakup of winter sea ice coinciding with strong wind events and b) spring breakup (during surface melt, melt ponding and drainage) leading to distinctive summer ice floes. Importantly our results suggest that summer sea ice floe distribution is potentially affected by the state of winter sea ice, including the composition and fracturing (caused by deformation events) of winter sea ice, and that substantial mid-summer breakup of sea ice floes is likely linked to the timing of thermodynamic melt of sea ice in the area. As the rate of deformation and thermodynamic melt of sea ice has been increasing in the MIZ in the Beaufort Sea, our results suggest that these elevated factors would promote faster and more enhanced breakup of sea ice, leading to a higher melt rate of sea ice and thus a more rapid advance of the summer MIZ.
43 citations
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Deakin University1, University of Exeter2, Zoological Society of London3, Stanford University4, University of Plymouth5, University of Western Australia6, University College London7, Lancaster University8, University of Delaware9, Oregon State University10, Imperial College London11, Swansea University12, Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment13, University of Oxford14, University of Windsor15, Bangor University16, Australian Institute of Marine Science17, Scottish Association for Marine Science18, University of Florida19, Nova Southeastern University20, University of Warwick21, University of Cambridge22, University of the Highlands and Islands23, King's College London24
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest marine protected areas in the world.
Abstract: Given the recent trend towards establishing very large marine protected areas (MPAs) and the high potential of these to contribute to global conservation targets, we review outcomes of the last decade of marine conservation research in the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), one of the largest MPAs in the world. The BIOT MPA consists of the atolls of the Chagos Archipelago, interspersed with and surrounded by deep oceanic waters. Islands around the atoll rims serve as nesting grounds for sea birds. Extensive and diverse shallow and mesophotic reef habitats provide essential habitat and feeding grounds for all marine life, and the absence of local human impacts may improve recovery after coral bleaching events. Census data have shown recent increases in the abundance of sea turtles, high numbers of nesting seabirds and high fish abundance, at least some of which is linked to the lack of recent harvesting. For example, across the archipelago the annual number of green turtle clutches (Chelonia mydas) is ~ 20,500 and increasing and the number of seabirds is ~ 1 million. Animal tracking studies have shown that some taxa breed and/or forage consistently within the MPA (e.g. some reef fishes, elasmobranchs and seabirds), suggesting the MPA has the potential to provide long-term protection. In contrast, post-nesting green turtles travel up to 4000 km to distant foraging sites, so the protected beaches in the Chagos Archipelago provide a nesting sanctuary for individuals that forage across an ocean basin and several geopolitical borders. Surveys using divers and underwater video systems show high habitat diversity and abundant marine life on all trophic levels. For example, coral cover can be as high as 40–50%. Ecological studies are shedding light on how remote ecosystems function, connect to each other and respond to climate-driven stressors compared to other locations that are more locally impacted. However, important threats to this MPA have been identified, particularly global heating events, and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activity, which considerably impact both reef and pelagic fishes.
42 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence is presented indicating that the biochemical machinery exists for oxidative cross‐linking to ensue in the wound‐healing process of D. vermicularis and new evidence supports the hypothesis that the second phase of wound repair is based on the activation of an oxidative burst that produces micromolar H2O2 levels.
Abstract: We investigated the kinetics and composition of the second phase of the wound repair process of Dasycladus vermicularis ([Scropoli] Krasser) using fluorescent probes, chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and histochemistry. Our new evidence supports the hypothesis that the second phase of wound repair (initiated at approximately 35-45 min post-injury) is based on the activation of an oxidative burst that produces micromolar H 2 O 2 levels. These results provide evidence of peroxidase activity at the wound site, real-time measurements of an oxidative burst, and catechol localization in wound plugs. Strong evidence is presented indicating that the biochemical machinery exists for oxidative cross-linking to ensue in the wound-healing process of D. vermicularis.
42 citations
Authors
Showing all 534 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David H. Green | 92 | 288 | 30311 |
Ronnie N. Glud | 69 | 228 | 13615 |
Harald Schwalbe | 66 | 484 | 16243 |
Michael P. Meredith | 58 | 234 | 13381 |
Michael T. Burrows | 55 | 205 | 12902 |
Gabriele M. König | 55 | 307 | 10374 |
Peter Wadhams | 53 | 219 | 8095 |
Mikhail V. Zubkov | 50 | 130 | 7781 |
Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke | 47 | 142 | 7560 |
Gurvan Michel | 46 | 110 | 8416 |
Paul Tett | 46 | 150 | 6585 |
Carl J. Carrano | 46 | 204 | 7501 |
Frithjof C. Küpper | 45 | 143 | 7528 |
Geraint A. Tarling | 44 | 171 | 6047 |
Christopher J. S. Bolch | 41 | 105 | 5599 |