United States Department of the Army

About: United States Department of the Army is a government organization based out in Arlington, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Poison control & Population. The organization has 32668 authors who have published 42453 publications receiving 947075 citations. The organization is also known as: DA & U.S. Department of the Army.

Hemostatic function of apheresis platelets stored at 4°C and 22°C.

Abstract: Introduction: Platelet refrigeration decreases the risk of bacterial contamination and may preserve function better than standard-of-care room temperature (RT) storage. Benefits could include lower transfusion-related complications, decreased costs, improved hemostasis in acutely bleeding pa

Thrombelastography is better than PT, aPTT, and activated clotting time in detecting clinically relevant clotting abnormalities after hypothermia, hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in pigs.

Abstract: : Hypothermia and hemorrhagic shock contribute to coagulopathy after trauma. In this study, we investigated the independent and combined effects of hypothermia and hemorrhage with resuscitation on coagulation in swine and evaluated clinically relevant tests of coagulation. Methods: Pigs (n = 24) were randomized into four groups of six animals each: sham control, hypothermia, hemorrhage with resuscitation, and hypothermia, hemorrhage with resuscitation combined. Hypothermia to 32 Degrees C was induced with a cold blanket. Hemorrhage was induced by bleeding 35% of total blood volume followed by resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. Coagulation was assessed by thrombin generation, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), activated clotting time (ACT), and thrombelastography (TEG) from blood samples taken at baseline and 4 hour after hypothermia and/or hemorrhage with resuscitation. Data were compared with analysis of variance. Results: Baseline values were similar among groups. There were no changes in any measurements in the control group. Compared with baseline values, hemorrhage with resuscitation increased lactate to 140% + or - 15% ( p less than 0.05). Hypothermia decreased platelets to 73% + or - 3% (p less than 0.05) with no effect on fibrinogen. Hemorrhage with resuscitation reduced platelets to 72% + or - 4% and fibrinogen to 71% + or - 3% (both p less than 0.05), with similar decreases in platelets and fibrinogen observed in the combined group. Thrombin generation was decreased to 75%+ or - 4% in hypothermia, 67% + or - 6% in hemorrhage with resuscitation, and 75% + or - 10% in the combined group (all p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in PT or aPTT by hemorrhage or hypothermia. ACT was prolonged to 122% + or - 1% in hypothermia, 111% + or - 4% in hemorrhage with resuscitation, and 127% + or - 3% in the combined group (all p less than 0.05).

Cidofovir Protects Mice against Lethal Aerosol or Intranasal Cowpox Virus Challenge

Abstract: The efficacy of cidofovir for treatment of cowpox virus infection in BALB/c mice was investigated in an effort to evaluate new therapies for virulent orthopoxvirus infections of the respiratory tract in a small animal model. Exposure to 2(-5)x10(6) pfu of cowpox virus by aerosol or intranasally (inl) was lethal in 3- to 7-week-old animals. One inoculation of 100 mg/kg cidofovir on day 0, 2, or 4, with respect to aerosol infection, resulted in 90%-100% survival. Treatment on day 0 reduced peak pulmonary virus titers 10- to 100-fold, reduced the severity of viral pneumonitis, and prevented pulmonary hemorrhage. The same dose on day -6 to 2 protected 80%-100% of inl infected mice, whereas 1 inoculation on day -16 to -8 or day 3 to 6 was partially protective. Cidofovir delayed but did not prevent the death of inl infected mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Treatment at the time of tail scarification with vaccinia virus did not block vaccination efficacy.