United States Department of the Army

About: United States Department of the Army is a government organization based out in Arlington, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Poison control & Population. The organization has 32668 authors who have published 42453 publications receiving 947075 citations. The organization is also known as: DA & U.S. Department of the Army.

Fresh frozen plasma should be given earlier to patients requiring massive transfusion

Abstract: : Acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy ,were identified more than 20 years ago as a deadly triad for patients presenting with exsanguinating hemorrhage. This led to fundamental changes in initial management of severely injured patients. Despite major advances, hemorrhage remains a leading cause of early death in trauma patients. Recent studies report most severely injured patients to be coagulopathic at admission, before resuscitation interventions, and that traditional massive transfusion practice grossly underestimates needs. The hypothesis for this study is that our pre-intensive care unit (ICU) massive transfusion (MT) protocol does not adequately correct coagulopathy, and that early uncorrected coagulopathy is predictive of mortality.

Induction of cellulase in Trichoderma viride as influenced by carbon sources and metals.

Abstract: Cellulase is an adaptive enzyme in most fungi (Reese and Levinson, 1952), although it is constitutive in cellulolytic bacteria (Hammerstrom et al., 1955). Many polysaccharases are adaptive in fungi, including: pentosanase (Simpson, 1954), polygalacturonase (Phaff, 1947), chitinase (Reynolds, 1954), dextranase (Hultin and Nordstr6m, 1949), and xylanase and mannanase (S0rensen, 1952). Since many of these substrates are insoluble, the question arises as to how an insoluble substrate can induce the formation of an extracellular enzyme. Products of polysaceharide hydrolysis can often induce their respective polysaccharases: galacturonic acid for polygalacturonase in Penicilliurn chrysogenum (Phaff, 1947); xylose for pentosanase in several molds (Simpson, 1954); maltose for amylase in Aspergillus niger (Tanabe and Tonomura, 1953); N-acetylglucosamine for chitinase in Aspergillus fumigatus and Myrothecium verrucaria (Reese, unpublished data). The use of the product as an inducer often leads to lower enzyme yields than are obtained with the substrate. In most cellulolytic fungi tested, however, neither glucose nor cellobiose acted as inducers of cellulase (Reese and Levinson, 1952). Further studies relating to this problem showed that, under certain conditions, some sugars can induce cellulase formation in Trichoderma viride. The present study is a reinvestigation of the induction of cellulase. For comparative purposes, some data on amylase production are also included.

Process-Induced Stress and Deformation in Thick-Section Thermoset Composite Laminates:

Abstract: A study of process-induced stress and deformation in thick-section thermosetting composite laminates is presented. A methodology is proposed for predict ing the evolution of residual stress develop...

Distinct patterns of IFITM-mediated restriction of filoviruses, SARS coronavirus, and influenza A virus.

Abstract: Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins 1, 2, and 3 (IFITM1, 2, and 3) are recently identified viral restriction factors that inhibit infection mediated by the influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) protein Here we show that IFITM proteins restricted infection mediated by the entry glycoproteins (GP1,2) of Marburg and Ebola filoviruses (MARV, EBOV) Consistent with these observations, interferon-b specifically restricted filovirus and IAV entry processes IFITM proteins also inhibited replication of infectious MARV and EBOV We observed distinct patterns of IFITM-mediated restriction: compared with IAV, the entry processes of MARV and EBOV were less restricted by IFITM3, but more restricted by IFITM1 Moreover, murine Ifitm5 and 6 did not restrict IAV, but efficiently inhibited filovirus entry We further demonstrate that replication of infectious SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and entry mediated by the SARS-CoV spike (S) protein are restricted by IFITM proteins The profile of IFITM-mediated restriction of SARS-CoV was more similar to that of filoviruses than to IAV Trypsin treatment of receptor-associated SARS-CoV pseudovirions, which bypasses their dependence on lysosomal cathepsin L, also bypassed IFITM-mediated restriction However, IFITM proteins did not reduce cellular cathepsin activity or limit access of virions to acidic intracellular compartments Our data indicate that IFITM-mediated restriction is localized to a late stage in the endocytic pathway They further show that IFITM proteins differentially restrict the entry of a broad range of enveloped viruses, and modulate cellular tropism independently of viral receptor expression

The factor structure of the presence questionnaire

Abstract: Constructing a valid measure of presence and discovering the factors that contribute to presence have been much sought after goals of presence researchers and at times have generated controversy among them. This paper describes the results of principal-components analyses of Presence Questionnaire (PQ) data from 325 participants following exposure to immersive virtual environments. The analyses suggest that a 4-factor model provides the best fit to our data. The factors are Involvement, Adaptation/Immersion, Sensory Fidelity, and Interface Quality. Except for the Adaptation/Immersion factor, these factors corresponded to those identified in a cluster analysis of data from an earlier version of the questionnaire. The existence of an Adaptation/Immersion factor leads us to postulate that immersion is greater for those individuals who rapidly and easily adapt to the virtual environment. The magnitudes of the correlations among the factors indicate moderately strong relationships among the 4 factors. Within these relationships, Sensory Fidelity items seem to be more closely related to Involvement, whereas Interface Quality items appear to be more closely related to Adaptation/Immersion, even though there is a moderately strong relationship between the Involvement and Adaptation/Immersion factors.