Showing papers by "University of Kansas published in 1983"

Insulin antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment

Abstract: A sensitive assay was used to measure the binding of iodine-125-labeled insulin in serum obtained from 112 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetics before insulin treatment was initiated. Two groups of nondiabetics served as controls: children with a variety of diseases other than diabetes and nondiabetic siblings of insulin-dependent diabetics. Eighteen of the diabetics were found to have elevated binding and 36 were above the 95th percentile of control values. The insulin-binding protein is precipitated by antibody to human immunoglobulin G, has a displacement curve that is parallel and over the same concentration range as serum from long-standing insulin-dependent diabetics, and elutes from a Sephacryl S-300 column at the position of gamma globulin. These insulin antibodies are present in a large percentage of newly diagnosed, untreated diabetics and may be an immune marker of B-cell damage.

Toward understanding strategic issue diagnosis

Abstract: This paper calls attention to a central but neglected process in strategic decision making, i.e. strategic issue diagnosis (SID). A framework for discussing SID is presented in terms of three critical components: inputs, process characteristics and outputs. The framework is illustrated in the context of PIMS and BCG, two widely recognized strategy models. The major implications highlight the theoretical significance of SID for understanding strategic decision making.

NADPH‐diaphorase: A selective histochemical marker for striatal neurons containing both somatostatin‐ and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)‐like immunoreactivities

Abstract: Certain neurons in the brain are specifically and intensely stained by a histochemical method which demonstrates nicotinamide adenine dinucleo-tide phosphate NADPH-diaphorase activity. The cell types containing this enzyme in certain areas of the rat forebrain were examined by combining NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Neurons containing somatostatin- or avian pancreatic polypep-tide (APP)-like immunoreactivities were found throughout the forebrain including the striatum and neocortex. These two neuropeptides were also found to coexist in many telencephalic neurons. After photography, the sections processed for immunohistochemistry were stained for NADPH-diaphorase activity by a histochemical method. It was found that within the striatum all of the neurons that were selectively stained by this technique also contained both somatostatin- and APP-like immunoreactivities. Also in the neocortex NADPH-diaphorase was found only in those neurons displaying somatostatin- or APP-like immunoreactivity. In other brain regions such as the nucleus laterodorsalis tegmenti, NADPH-diaphorase-containing cells did not contain these neuropeptides. The results indicate that NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry provides a simple, reliable, histochemical method to demonstrate those striatal neurons in which somatostatin- and APP-like immunoreactivities coexist. The selective occurrence of this enzyme within these neurons may provide a useful target for pharmacological studies of these neuropeptide-containing cells.

Matrix Vesicles in Atherosclerotic Calcification

Abstract: Matrix vesicles, small extracellular membranous structures, are known to be the initial loci of calcification of cartilage, bone, and dentin. Calcification is an important complication of atherosclerosis. Using histologic, ultrastructural, and cytochemical techniques, the present study has demonstrated that matrix vesicle-like structures are involved in the calcification of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as in arterial medial calcification. In aortas from autopsied humans and from rabbits and chickens on atherogenic diets, the matrix vesicles appear to be derived from intimal and medial cellular components, mainly smooth muscle cells.

Viral Transcription During Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infection: a Novel RNA Polymerase Induced in Infected Spodoptera frugiperda Cells

Abstract: Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-specific RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei of Spodoptera frugiperda cells in culture was monitored at different times postinfection. Up to 8 h postinfection viral RNA synthesis remained sensitive to 5 mug of alpha-amanitin per ml. During the course of infection this sensitivity decreased, and at 24 h postinfection RNA synthesis was completely resistant to alpha-amanitin. DEAE-Sephadex profiles of RNA polymerase isolated at 24 h postinfection showed a new, chromatographically distinct, alpha-amanitin-resistant form whose kinetics and response to divalent cations differed from those of the host RNA polymerases. The possibility that this enzyme may be responsible for viral late transcription is discussed.

Effects of Vegetation Cover on the Microwave Radiometric Sensitivity to Soil Moisture

Abstract: The reduction in sensitivity of the microwave brightness temperature to soil moisture content due to vegetation cover is analyzed using airborne observations made at 1.4 and 5 GHz. The data were acquired during six flights in 1978 over a test site near Colby, Kansas. The test site consisted of bare soil, wheat stubble, and fully mature corn fields. The results for corn indicate that the radiometric sensitivity to soil moisture S decreases in magnitude with increasing frequency and with increasing angle of incidence (relative to nadir).The sensitivity reduction factor, defined in terms of the radiometric sensitivities for bare soil and canopy-covered conditions Y=1 - Scan/ Ss was found to be equal to 0.65 for normal incidence at 1.4 GHz, and increases to 0.89 at 5 GHz. These results confirm previous conclusions that the presence of vegetation cover may pose a serious problem for soil moisture detection with passive microwave sensors.

Piscivorous Feeding Behavior of Largemouth Bass: An Experimental Analysis

Abstract: Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides are the dominant top carnivores of many North American lakes and reservoirs and are very popular sport fish, but the actual behavioral mechanisms of their feeding are still poorly known. In laboratory experiments we broke predation into its component parts: Location, pursuit, attack, and handling of prey. The distance at which largemouth bass can locate forage fish increases with prey size, with prey motion (when prey are small), and with light intensity. In the pursuit phase of the predation cycle, largemouth bass are more likely to choose prey with large apparent size, closer proximity, or greater motion. When bluegills Lepomis macrochirus were the experimental prey, the number of attempted attacks by largemouth bass before the prey was ingested increased with bluegill size, within broad limits. At high light intensities bluegills can locate modest-size largemouth bass (29 cm total length) long before the predators locate them, but at low light intensities,...

Ground-state q q ¯ mass spectrum in quantum chromodynamics

Abstract: We use a relativistic equation of the Bethe-Salpeter type for quark-antiquark bound states in QCD. Its kernel, determined by the gluon propagator, is split into a constant part and a correction. This allows us to write the bound-state equation as an eigenvalue equation for an operator which can be identified as a nonrelativistic Hamiltonian for the $q\overline{q}$ system in the center-of-mass frame. The constant part of the kernel leads to a quark propagator indicative of confinement. With this propagator we obtain from the bound-state equation a good fit to both the pseudoscalar and vector ground-state masses for all flavor combinations. Our only inputs are the quark masses and one constant of dimensions of mass.

Anion-sensitive, h-pumping ATPase in membrane vesicles from oat roots.

Abstract: H(+)-pumping ATPases were detected in microsomal vesicles of oat (Avena sativa L. var Lang) roots using [(14)C]methylamine distribution or quinacrine fluorescent quenching. Methylamine (MeA) accumulation into vesicles and quinacrine quench were specifically dependent on Mg,ATP. Both activities reflected formation of a proton gradient (DeltapH) (acid inside) as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, nigericin (in the presence of K(+)), or gramicidin decreased MeA uptake or increased quinacrine fluorescence. The properties of H(+) pumping as measured by MeA uptake were characterized. The K(m) (app) for ATP was about 0.1 millimolar. Mg,GTP and Mg, pyrophosphate were 19% and 30% as effective as Mg,ATP. MeA uptake was inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and was mostly insensitive to oligomycin, vanadate, or copper. ATP-dependent MeA was stimulated by anions with decreasing order of potency of Cl(-) > Br(-) > NO(3) (-) > SO(4) (2-), iminodiacetate, benzene sulfonate. Anion stimulation of H(+) pumping was caused in part by the ability of permeant anions to dissipate the electrical potential and in part by a specific requirement of Cl(-) by a H(+) -pumping ATPase. A pH gradient, probably caused by a Donnan potential, could be dissipated by K(+) in the presence or absence of ATP. MeA uptake was enriched in vesicles of relatively low density and showed a parallel distribution with vanadate-insensitive ATPase activity on a continuous dextran gradient. DeltapH as measured by quinacrine quench was partially vanadate-sensitive. These results show that plant membranes have at least two types of H(+) -pumping ATPases. One is vanadate-sensitive and probably enriched in the plasma membrane. One is vanadate-resistant, anion-sensitive and has many properties characteristic of a vacuolar ATPase. These results are consistent with the presence of electrogenic H(+) pumps at the plasma membrane and tonoplast of higher plant cells.

A Follow-up and Family Study of Schizophrenia

Abstract: • The Washington University Psychiatry Clinic, St Louis, study began with the systematic clinical evaluation of a cross section of 500 of the clinic's patients. This was followed by a "blind" follow-up of the index subjects and a blind study of first-degree relatives. This report deals with the diagnosis of schizophrenia at index, at follow-up, and among the firstdegree relatives. The results indicate that the criteria used for the diagnosis of schizophrenia select patients who show a high degree of diagnostic consistency over many years, although not all patients who meet these criteria after follow-up receive the diagnosis of schizophrenia initially. Most important, the diagnostic criteria select cases associated with a strong familial increase in the risk of schizophrenia (nearly fivefold). The follow-up results indicate also that Feighnerpositive schizophrenics often experience intercurrent depressions, but that the presence of such depressions does not affect the familial incidence of either schizophrenia or primary affective disorders.

A Three-Dimensional Display System for Diagnostic Imaging Applications

Abstract: Digitally formatted 3-D imaging will become increasingly important in medical diagnosis. What is the best trade-off of speed, picture quality, and storage requirements?

Misconception and Miseducation: Presentations of Radical Behaviorism in Psychology Textbooks

Abstract: Behavior analysts have recently expressed concern about what appear to be misrepresentations of behaviorism in psychology textbooks. This paper presents an analysis of currently used textbooks in the areas of introductory, social, cognitive, personality, and developmental psychology that confirms this. Topics on which behavior analysis is most often misrepresented relate to the role of animal learning research, environmentalism, the “empty organism,” language, and the overall utility of the approach. Because textbooks are often a major medium of interaction between the public and behaviorism, behavior analysts must work to correct these errors and to prevent possible negative consequences of widespread misunderstanding. Several potential solutions to these problems are presented that take into account current publishing practices and the monetary contingencies which support them.

Recognition as a Measure of Learning from Television Commercials.

Abstract: Recognition has not received extensive acceptance by practitioners as a response variable for learning of television commercials. The authors review some of the distinctions between recall and reco...

Coherent scattering of a spherical wave from an irregular surface

Abstract: The scattering of a spherical wave from a rough surface using the Kirchhoff approximation is considered. An expression representing the measured coherent scattering coefficient is derived. It is shown that the sphericity of the wavefront and the antenna pattern can become an important factor in the interpretation of ground-based measurements. The condition under which the coherent scattering-coefficient expression reduces to that corresponding to a plane wave incidence is given. The condition under which the result reduces to the standard image solution is also derived. In general, the consideration of antenna pattern and sphericity is unimportant unless the surface-height standard deviation is small, i.e., unless the coherent scattering component is significant. An application of the derived coherent backscattering coefficient together with the existing incoherent scattering coefficient to interpret measurements from concrete and asphalt surfaces is shown.

Recognition of female kin by male bees through olfactory signals

Abstract: After males of Lasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) have first been exposed to a conspecific female, the attractiveness of a second female diminishes with increasing genealogical relationship between the two females. The most parsimonious explanation for this is a polygenically controlled female sex pheromone. Nonrandom mating preferences may markedly affect gene flow within and between natural populations. Polygenically controlled sex pheromones probably also enhance kin recognition among females and, thus, influence the evolution of eusocial behavior in bees and wasps.

Patterns and levels of genetic variation in great basin bristlecone pine, pinus longaeva.

Abstract: The use of electrophoretic techniques in population genetics has led to the rapid accumulation of information concerning the levels of enzymatic variation in a wide variety of organisms. These studies have demonstrated that many species have high levels of genetic variation within their populations (Nevo, 1978; Hamrick et al., 1979). There is, however, much heterogeneity among taxonomic groups. Vertebrates have relatively low amounts of genetic variation (Powell, 1975; Nevo, 1978), whereas plants and insects have considerably higher levels (Nevo, 1978; Hamrick et al., 1979). Significant heterogeneity may also occur among species within taxonomic groups. Much speculation has arisen concerning the causes of these differences. Recent reviews (Nevo, 1978; Brown, 1979; Hamrick et al., 1979) have demonstrated associations among a species' ecological and life history characteristics and levels of intrapopulation variation. For example, electrophoretically detectable genetic variation within plant species appears to be influenced by geographic range, lifetime fecundity, mode of reproduction and pollination, generation length, and the stage of community succession in which a species occurs (Hamrick et al., 1979). The age of a species and its recent evolutionary history may also have an effect on the levels of genetic variation observed (Soule, 1976). Considerable attention has also been given to the related question of how genetic variation is distributed within and among populations. Brown (1979) has shown that predominantly self-pollinated

Recognition as a Measure of Learning from Television Commercials

Abstract: Recognition has not received extensive acceptance by practitioners as a response variable for learning of television commercials. The authors review some of the distinctions between recall and recognition, and some of the problems associated with each. In a laboratory experiment they developed and tested a measure of recognition useful for low involvement situations in which a recall level of learning may not be necessary. Data and implications about the usefulness and limitations of the measure are presented.

Evidence that a variety of cultured cells secrete protease nexin and produce a distinct cytoplasmic serine protease-binding factor.

Abstract: Four criteria were used to examine serum-free conditioned cell culture medium for protease nexin (PN):(1) formation of SDS-stable approximately 77 K Da complexes between a medium component and [125I]thrombin; (2) acceleration by heparin of the rate of formation of these complexes; (3) cellular binding of these complexes; and (4) inhibition by heparin of the cellular binding of complexes. Listed in order of decreasing PN production, PN was detected in media conditioned by the following cell types: human foreskin fibroblasts (0.18 micrograms/10(6) cells), rat embryo heart muscle cells (0.13 micrograms/10(6) cells), mouse myotubes (0.1 micrograms/10(6) cells), monkey kidney epithelial cells, human fibrosarcoma cells, human lung fibroblasts, simian virus 40 (SV-40)-transformed human fibroblasts, human epidermoid carcinoma cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells (only after phorbol ester treatment), and mouse myoblasts. No PN was found in medium conditioned by mouse 3T3 cells, SV40 virus-transformed 3T3 cells, human lymphoblasts, or mouse leukemia cells. Eleven of the cell types examined for secretion of PN were also examined for the presence of cytoplasmic thrombin-binding factors. Lysates from all of these cell types contained a factor that formed approximately 60-65 K Da sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-stable complexes with [125I] thrombin. This MW is significantly lower than that of [125I] thrombin-PN complexes, indicating that the factor is distinct from PN. Nevertheless, PN and the cytoplasmic factor share similarities. Production of both PN (by HF cells and WI-26 cells) and the cytoplasmic factor (by HF cells and 3T3 cells) are stimulated by epidermal growth factor and phorbol myristate acetate. Also, both PN and the cytoplasmic factor complex trypsin, plasmin, urokinase, and thrombin, but not pancreatic elastase. Because a number of the cells that produce PN or the cytoplasmic serine protease-binding factor are known to produce plasminogen activators, both PN and the cytoplasmic factor could regulate plasminogen activator activity.