University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire

About: University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire is a education organization based out in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Poison control & Population. The organization has 1780 authors who have published 2690 publications receiving 93094 citations. The organization is also known as: UW-Eau Claire & University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire.

Photosynthetic responses of 13 grassland species across 11 years of free-air CO2 enrichment is modest, consistent and independent of N supply

Abstract: If long-term responses of photosynthesis and leaf diffusive conductance to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are similar or predictably different among species, functional types, and ecosystem types, general global models of elevated CO2 effects can effectively be developed. To address this issue we measured gas exchange rates of 13 perennial grassland species from four functional groups across 11 years of long-term free-air CO2 enrichment (eCO2, 1180ppm above ambient CO2) in the BioCON experiment in Minnesota, USA. Eleven years of eCO2 produced consistent but modest increases in leaf net photosynthetic rates of 10% on average compared with plants grown at ambient CO2 concentrations across the 13 species. This eCO2-induced enhancement did not depend on soil N treatment, is much less than the average across other longer-term studies, and represents strong acclimation (i.e. downregulation) as it is also much less than the instantaneous response to eCO2. The legume and C3 nonlegume forb species were the most responsive among the functional groups (113% in each), the C4 grasses the least responsive (14%), and C3 grasses intermediate in their photosynthetic response to eCO2 across years (19%). Leaf stomatal conductance and nitrogen content declined comparably across species in eCO2 compared with ambient CO2 and to degrees corresponding to results from other studies. The significant acclimation of photosynthesis is explained in part by those eCO2-induced decreases in leaf N content and stomatal conductance that reduce leaf photosynthetic capacity in plants grown under elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentrations. Results of this study, probably the longest-term with the most species, suggest that carbon cycle models that assume and thereby simulate long-lived strong eCO2 stimulation of photosynthesis (e.g.425%) for all of Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems should be viewed with a great deal of caution.

The Identification of Two Different Spectral Types of Pulses in Gamma-Ray Bursts

Abstract: It is shown in this study that two different types of spectral emission are generally produced in gamma-ray bursts A subset of bursts is identified that exhibits a marked lack of fluence above 300 keV, and these bursts are shown to have luminosities about an order of magnitude lower than bursts with significant fluence above 300 keV The bursts lacking emission above 300 keV exhibit an effectively homogeneous intensity distribution In addition, it is shown that both types of emission are common in many bursts, demonstrating that a single source object is capable of generating both of them These results strongly favor a gamma-ray burst source object that produces two different types of emission with varying degrees of superposition The impact of this behavior is strong enough that it affects the properties of the burst intensity distribution, as well as the burst spectral characteristics

Sleep, sleepiness and school start times: a preliminary study.

Abstract: Background: High school students are reported to be excessively sleepy, resulting in decreased academic performance, increased psycho-social problems and increased risk of morbidity and mortality from accidents. Early school start times have been noted to contribute to this problem. This report attempts to confirm the relationship of early school start times with decreased sleep and increased sleepiness. Methods: We examined sophomore and junior students in 2 local high schools with different start times and measured the amount of time slept and sleepiness. Results: We found that students at the early start school reported reduced sleep time and more sleepiness than their counterparts at the later starting school. Conclusion: Early school start times are associated with student reports of less sleep and increased sleepiness. Further studies in larger groups are recommended in view of the potential significant impact of sleep deprivation in this age group.

A Review of High‐Leverage Teaching Practices: Making Connections Between Mathematics and Foreign Languages

Abstract: Recent discussions in the field of teacher education call for more practice-based professional development as a way to provide pre-service teachers with the necessary skills to significantly advance student learning. High-leverage teaching practices (HLTP) are a core set of teaching practices that, when executed proficiently by accomplished novice teachers, are said to promote higher gains in student learning over other teaching practices. In this review, we define and identify possible practices within specific teaching domains against the backdrop of the history of HLTP in the field of mathematics education, a pioneer in this area. We then extend and apply the work in mathematics to foreign language (FL) education. Examining HLTP from the perspective of mathematics education provides a useful initial framework to the FL education community to identify and establish its own set of practices and ground future research in this area.