Showing papers in "Experimental Neurology in 2021"

TL;DR: There is still a substantial need for the development of therapeutic agents for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke to protect the brain from damage prior to and during recanalization, extend the therapeutic time window for intervention and further improve functional outcome.

TL;DR: In this article, the neuroprotective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) are associated with the attenuation of NLPR3-mediated neuron pyroptosis by modulating microglial polarization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the evidence supporting certain of the molecular and cellular bases of METH neurotoxicity has been presented and the accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of transcription factors, activation of dealth pathways that emanate from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a role for neuroinflammatory mechanisms.

TL;DR: The authors examined cell type-specific expression and distribution of rat brain angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in the rodent brain.

TL;DR: The role of immune inflammatory responses in the occurrence and development of aSAh, as well as some inflammatory biomarkers related to CVS, DCI, and aSAH outcomes are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of TLR4 on neuronal ferroptosis was investigated in a rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and a cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).

TL;DR: A review of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies for spinal cord injury can be found in this article, where the positive and negative attributes of the innate and adaptive immune systems in neuroinflammation after SCI are discussed.

TL;DR: Paired corticospinal-motoneuronal stimulation effects on spinal synapses of hand motoneurons can be potentiated by acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), consistent with the hypothesis that their combined effects arise from spinal plasticity.

TL;DR: In conclusion, TREM2 overexpression rescued cognitive deficits, decreased β-amyloid plaques deposition, reduced synaptic and neuronal loss, as well as ameliorated neuroinflammation, and was highlighted as a potential target against AD.

TL;DR: A growing number of studies showing that the adult cerebral cortex retains a significant degree of plasticity are summarized highlighting how the identification of strategies to enhance the plastic potential of the adult brain could pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at treating amblyopia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize the recent progress that research has made regarding autophagy and ischemic stroke, including common signaling pathways, the role of autophagic subtypes (e.g., mitophagy, pexophag, aggrephagy, endoplasmic reticulum-phagy and lipophagy), as well as the current methods for autophag detection and potential therapeutic strategy.

TL;DR: RhMFG-E8 inhibits neuronal inflammation by transformation the microglial phenotype toward M2 and its direct protective effect on neurons after SAH, which may be mediated by modulation of the integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway, highlighting rhMFG -E8 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SAH patients.

TL;DR: In this paper, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC)-derived exosomes (exo-naive) were used to alleviate neurovascular dysfunction and improve functional recovery.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that INT-777 treatment reduced neuroinflammation and microglial cell activation, but improved cognitive impairment in the experimental sepsis rats, demonstrating TGR5 has translational potential as a therapeutic target to improve neurological outcomes in sepsi survivors.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of the glymphatic system in the formation of cerebral edema after ischemic stroke was discussed. But, no definite conclusion whether the influx of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is increased or not after stroke, however, the reduced interstitial fluid (ISF) clearance after stroke is definite.

TL;DR: The urgent need to utilize preclinical models of ischemic stroke that more accurately mimic the clinical conditions in stroke patients by incorporating aged animals and animal stroke models with comorbidities is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of a single-dose and multiple-doses of MSCs in young and old mice (5 or 10 months old) were compared, comparing the short-term and long-term effects after 1, 2, or 7 months of treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the toxicity of new psychoactive stimulants and psychedelics in detail and find that they are particularly sensitive to substance-induced toxicity due to their high metabolic activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of SARM1 in axon degeneration in human neurons was investigated using genome engineering and human stem cell-derived neurons, and it was shown that SARM is required for axon loss in response to both physical trauma and in a cellular model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

TL;DR: PLX5622 and AFS98 treatment depleted microglia in aged animals but resulted in increased neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.

TL;DR: The use of several new psychoactive substances (NPS) has become very popular and is posing global health risks Chemically and pharmacologically diverse molecules are constantly emerging and are presenting with a wide range of clinical implications Serotonin toxicity, and specifically Serotonin Syndrome (SS), might develop as a result of an overactivation of the serotoninergic system caused by several mechanisms resulting in a classic triad of altered mental status, neuromuscular effects, and autonomic hyperactivity as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of Ruxolitinib (Ruxo) on the process of ferroptosis post-TBI was investigated using a controlled cortical impact device to establish the mouse TBI model.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of acutely increasing KCC2 extrusion capability on spastic symptoms after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) were evaluated using Sprague Dawley rats and they were either bike-trained or remained sedentary for 5 weeks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of LXA4 on microglial polarization after acute ischemic stroke was investigated using a rat model of model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo and the BV2 microglia oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model (OGD/R) in vitro.

TL;DR: Stroke-induced influences of the peripheral immune system on CNS injury/repair and of neural inflammation on peripheral immunity are discussed, and how comorbidity influences each.

TL;DR: Rehabilitation training strategies that are most effective to regain skilled forelimb motor function after SCI are highlighted, which will facilitate pre-clinical rehabilitation studies using animal models and could be beneficial in the development of more efficient clinical rehabilitation training strategies.

TL;DR: This study is the first to show a strong relation between subthalamic beta power and the dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and provides additional evidence for an important pathophysiological role of subthalamus beta oscillations and prolonged beta bursts in Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: It is suggested that intranasal delivery of BMSCs in conjunction with IGF-1 strengthened functional recovery following ischemia via increasing neurogenesis and angiogenesis, providing a novel optimized strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy of B MSC transplantation for ischemIA.

TL;DR: Evaluated the involvement and regulation of the main inflammatory chemokine pathway Cxcl5/Cxcr2 in the inflammation-mediated RGC survival and axonal regeneration in mice after ON injury and further enhances RGC protection induced by lens injury through microglia activation, which is attenuated by CxCr2 antagonist.

TL;DR: In this article, a deep brain stimulator was used to record local field potentials from chronically implanted electrodes in the sensorimotor cortex and subthalamic nuclei bilaterally.