Showing papers in "Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2014"

TL;DR: This study aims to develop and validate a practical skin absorption model (SAM) specific for fragrance material and estimates skin absorption based on the methodology proposed by Kroes et al.

TL;DR: Despite the great abundance of preclinical research, only a few studies were carried out in humans, the majority of which used foods containing FA, and therefore the clinical efficacy of this mode of administration needs to be further documented.

TL;DR: The caffeine intakes of the U.S. population was estimated using a comprehensive beverage survey, the Kantar Worldpanel Beverage Consumption Panel, using a nationally representative sample of consumers of caffeinated beverages completed 7-day diaries to assess intakes.

TL;DR: A comprehensive and updated report of empirical investigations on bioactivities and biological characteristics of crocin is provided in this paper, where it is also worth noting that the crocin principle of saffron exhibited high efficacy along with no major toxicity in experimental models.

TL;DR: Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction.

TL;DR: Isoquercitrin has higher bioavailability than quercetin and displays a number of chemoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo, against oxidative stress, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and allergic reactions, and is a prospective substance for food supplementation.

TL;DR: All the samples exhibited antimutagenic activity, even though some samples were more effective in decreasing the number of gene conversion colonies and mutant colonies, and the anti-inflammatory activity, assessed using the hyaluronidase enzyme, was highest in samples B and D.

TL;DR: To guarantee access to quality food for all, there needs to be a way to balance global mycotoxin standards with the realistic feasibility of reaching them, considering limitations of producers and designing strategies to reduce mycotoxins exposure based on sound research.

TL;DR: In 2011, an expert panel was assembled to establish appropriate Reference Doses for allergenic food residues as part of the VITAL (Voluntary incidental trace allergen labeling) program of The Allergen Bureau of Australia & New Zealand (ABA) as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Despite the relatively weak anti-diabetic and anti-AD potentials, apigenin showed powerful antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression while vitex in and isovitexin were inactive.

TL;DR: This study demonstrated that the berry constituents quercetin, kaempferol, and pterostilbene activated the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and exhibited synergistic anti-oxidative stress activity at appropriate concentrations.

TL;DR: It may be concluded that ALA may be beneficial as a nutraceutical/pharmaceutical candidate and is safe for use as a food ingredient.

TL;DR: This review summarizes and updates the most recent findings concerning the mechanisms through which different dietary compounds from plant foods affect mitochondria functionality in healthy and pathological in vitro and in vivo models, paying particular attention to the pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis.

TL;DR: Investigation of the potential protective effects and mechanisms of taxifolin on cardiac function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and on hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiac myoblasts revealed that it exerted cardioprotective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and cardiac myocyte apoptosis.

TL;DR: Overall, tangerine peel possesses potent anti-neuroinflammatory capacity, which is attributed to the collective effect of hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin.

TL;DR: Observations suggest that Pb and Cd are practically additive-toxic for the SD rats in oral acute toxicity studies, and the lowest observed adverse-effect level in rats may be lower than a dose of 29.96mg/(kgbwday) when administered orally for 90 consecutive days.

TL;DR: The results show that despite the highest EDIs of pesticide residues in cereals, the current situation could not be considered a serious public health problem, Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring of pesticides residues in grain is recommended.

TL;DR: It could be concluded that chicory has a promising role and it worth to be considered as a natural substance for ameliorating the oxidative stress and hepatic injury induced by 4-tert-OP compound.

TL;DR: EC and CPE improved insulin sensitivity of HepG2 treated with high glucose, preventing or delaying a potential hepatic dysfunction through the attenuation of the insulin signalling blockade and the modulation of glucose uptake and production.

TL;DR: Results indicate that propolis from M. orbignyi has therapeutic potential for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases related to microorganism activity, oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.

TL;DR: Present data suggest that betanin is both a free radical scavenger and an inducer of antioxidant defense mechanism in cultured cells.

TL;DR: The evidence for induction of an oxidative stress response resulting from DON exposure has been more focused on in vitro models and is relatively lacking in in vivo studies, so more emphasis should be laid on in vivo investigations with doses that are commonly encountered in food products.

TL;DR: A food survey was carried out with the aim to investigate the levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) in various fruits and vegetables sold in Algeria, indicating an obvious health risk over a life time of exposure.

TL;DR: The state-of-the-art understanding of AA is addressed, focusing on risk assessment, mechanism of formation and strategies of mitigation in foods, and the potential application of omics to AA risk assessment is discussed.

TL;DR: Resveratrol improved NAFLD-caused hepatic injury partially through regulating autophagic and IκBα-NF-κB pathways.

TL;DR: There is a realistic possibility that HDM- and crustacean allergic patients may react to food containing Yellow mealworm proteins, and the major cross-reactive proteins were identified as tropomyosin and arginine kinase, which are well known allergens in arthropods.

TL;DR: Although no cytotoxic effects were recorded for thymol at any concentration and time of exposure, ultrastructural changes evidenced cellular damage such as lipid degeneration, mitochondrial damage, nucleolar segregation and apoptosis.

TL;DR: Results showed that NaB treatment improved the renal function and ameliorated the histological alterations, fibrosis, apoptosis and DNA damage in the kidney of juvenile rats.

TL;DR: DADS induces antioxidant defense mechanism by activating Nrf2 pathway and reduces inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB activation, demonstrating that DADS increases the expression of phase II/antioxidant enzymes and simultaneously decreases theexpression of inflammatory mediators in CCl4-induced liver injury.

TL;DR: In conclusion, endosulfan decreases rat testes weight, and inhibits spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, and induces oxidative stress and apoptosis by possible mechanisms of both mitochondria and non-mitochondria pathways.