Showing papers in "Neurobiology of Learning and Memory in 2007"

TL;DR: BDNF and two of the catecholamines seem to be mediators by which physical exercise improves learning, and vocabulary learning was 20 percent faster after intense physical exercise as compared to the other two conditions.

TL;DR: Performance in the object placement task is better when E(2) and/or P are naturally elevated or when the ERalpha selective ER modulator PPT, P, or its metabolite, 3alpha,5alpha-THP, are administered post-training.

TL;DR: It is shown that LTM formation of one-trial inhibitory avoidance in rats, a hippocampus-dependent fear-motivated learning task, requires mTOR activation, and the regulation of hippocampal mRNA translation is a major control step in memory consolidation.

TL;DR: A significant interaction effect of the endogenous cortisol level with increasing activation in the amygdala under placebo but not under betablocker condition is demonstrated, thereby extending the rodent based model of a synergistic effect ofThe two stress hormones to the human.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the enhanced cognitive activity of complete enrichment is required for cognitive and neurologic benefit to AD mice-physical and/or social activity are insufficient, and suggest that humans who emphasize a high lifelong level of cognitive activity will attain the maximal environmental protection against AD.

TL;DR: The modeling results obtained here demonstrated that the experimentally observed phase differences are consistent with different levels of CA3 synaptic input to CA1 during recognition of repeated items.

TL;DR: The results suggest that only the dorsal CA1, but not dorsal CA3, region is critical for processing temporal information for visual objects without affecting the detection of new visual objects.

TL;DR: The data indicate that the ventral hippocampus plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior and may interact with key limbic structures previously implicated in cocaine addiction.

TL;DR: Data indicate that stimulation by the daily environmental enrichment recovers spatial memory deficits caused by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia without affecting tissue atrophy in either hippocampus or cortex.

TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest the similar involvements of neurochemicals in learning and memory among vertebrates as well as the amnestic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME in zebrafish.

TL;DR: Calcinurin, a key protein phosphatase involved in phosphorylation-dependent kinase activity crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory function, is upregulated in the CNS of the Tg2576 animal model for Abeta over-production, indicating that calcineurin may mediate some of the cognitive effects of excess Abeta such that inhibition of calcineURin shall be further explored as a potential treatment to reverse cognitive impairments in AD.

TL;DR: It is found that overexpression of SOD-2 had no obvious effect on synaptic Plasticity and memory formation in young mice, and could not rescue the age-related impairments in either synaptic plasticity or memory in old mice, however, Sod-2 overexpressression did decrease mitochondrial superoxide in hippocampal neurons, and extended the lifespan of the mice.

TL;DR: A phenomenon that may contribute to the understanding of clinically important interactions among cognitive deficit, prenatal stress and enriched environment treatment is observed, which may be one potentially important target for therapeutic interventions in preventing the prenatal stress-induced cognitive disorders.

TL;DR: Results suggest that new neurons in the aged canine dentate gyrus may participate in modulating cognitive functions, including spatial memory and discrimination learning, as evidence of neurogenesis in the canine brain is found.

TL;DR: The effect of excitotoxic lesions of dorsal vs. ventral hippocampus on the acquisition and expression of auditory trace fear conditioning and the pattern of observed deficits suggest that the dorsal and ventrals may contribute differentially to the mnemonic processes underlying fear trace conditioning.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that the rACC is involved in modulating the storage of emotional events is supported and additional evidence that the BLA modulates memory consolidation through interactions with efferent brain regions, including the cortex is provided.

TL;DR: The results suggest that oroxylin A may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by cholinergic dysfunction via the GABAergic nervous system.

TL;DR: The reviewed literature provides converging evidence that structured neural representations can be activated during sleep, and Behavioral and neuroimaging studies in humans substantiate the notion that memory representations are reactivated and are reorganized during post-learning sleep.

TL;DR: The present results render the novel TGR(NSEhA 2A) as a putative animal model for the working memory deficits and cognitive disruptions related to overstimulation of cortical A(2A)Rs or to dopaminergic prefrontal dysfunction as seen in schizophrenic or Parkinson's disease patients.

TL;DR: Results suggest that face recognition, despite its dependence on specialized brain systems, nevertheless relies on the general neural mechanisms of sleep-associated memory consolidation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that fundamentally different processes may mediate extinction early in development compared to later in development, and this work extends these findings by examining whether there is a developmental difference in susceptibility to reinstatement following extinction.

TL;DR: It is proposed that hippocampal Mek/Erk signaling might serve as one of the key mediators of contextual fear extinction in a mouse model of context-dependent freezing.

TL;DR: This article found that 4E-BP2 knockout mice demonstrated altered activity in the rotating rod test, light/dark exploration test, spontaneous alternation T-maze and conditioned taste aversion test.

TL;DR: The ability of cocaine to modulate clock speed in rats receiving extended training was restored when co-administered with a behaviorally ineffective dose of ketamine, and a glutamate "lock/unlock" hypothesis is used to explain the observed dopamine-glutamate interactions as a function of timing behaviors becoming learned habits.

TL;DR: It is argued that two opposing learning processes--with their respective consolidation phases and memories--are initiated by retrieval trials: extinction learning and reminder learning, the latter leading to the phenomenon of spontaneous recovery from extinction, a process that can be blocked with protein synthesis inhibition.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the increased susceptibility to LTD induction is associated with impaired memory and results from a shift in the induction process.

TL;DR: In this article, the degree of arousal, rather than valence, was found to be more important for memory consolidation in humans than arousal alone, and it was shown that arousal, up to 30 min after learning, but not after 45 min, significantly enhanced retrieval.

TL;DR: It is suggested that dopamine transmission in the dorsomedial striatum is critical for the flexible shifting of response patterns and the ameliorative effects of KW-6002 following depletion of dopamine in the striatum may be restricted to motor functions without relieving deficits in response-shifting flexibility.

TL;DR: This study has potentially identified a set of genes that are responsible for the learning impairments in aged rats that were functioning in the context of an aging CA1 region where over 200 genes was found to be differentially expressed compared to a young CA1.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that T's effects to enhance learning and memory may take place, in part, through actions of its metabolite, 3alpha-diol, at ERbeta in the dorsal hippocampus.