Showing papers in "Neuropharmacology in 1995"

TL;DR: Recently, glutamate has been shown to regulate ion channels and enzymes producing second messengers via specific receptors coupled to G-proteins, and the existence of these receptors is changing views on the functioning of fast excitatory synapses.

TL;DR: The theory and methodological considerations of such applications of fura-2 will be summarized and results on Ca buffer and Ca flux measurements derived from various methods will be compared.

TL;DR: The data from the present study do not lend support to the idea that low affinity, open channel NMDA receptor blockers are also effective in models of epilepsy at doses having little effect on physiological processes and do not contradict the known therapeutic safety of memantine and amantadine in dementia and Parkinson's disease respectively.

TL;DR: Data support the hypothesis that release a single synaptic vesicle will activate all of the postsynaptic receptors and provide an anatomical basis for the non-uniform probability of release that occurs across hippocampal synapses of different sizes.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the antibodies are suitable to identify 5-TH2C receptors in rat and human brain and visualize a protein distribution which correlates well with the location of the 5-HT2C receptor binding sites as would be expected if affinity states do not influence the binding pattern.

TL;DR: It is suggested that activation of class I mGluRs enhances NMDA-receptor mediated neuronal toxicity and encourage the search for selective antagonists for the experimental therapy of acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the idea that the "inhibitory" mGluRs 2/3 exert a negative modulatory action on NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity via reduction in neuronal cAMP levels.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the apparent potency of phenylglycine antagonists depends on the agonist used to activate these receptors and the compound was found to potently and competitively antagonize the effect of 1S,3R-ACPD.

TL;DR: The results suggest that brain penetrant NK1 receptor antagonists may have anti-migraine effects peripherally through blockade of dural extravasation and centrally by inhibition of nociceptive pathways.

TL;DR: The data indicate that mGluR agonist-induced limbic seizures in mice are mediated by activation of phosphoinositide-coupled m GluRs, and these seizures can be protected against byactivation of mGLURs that are negatively-linked to cAMP formation.

TL;DR: Three NR1 mutants which have been previously shown by others to possess either decreased Mg2+ sensitivity and Ca2+ permeability or reduced current amplitude were tested for their ethanol sensitivity when expressed in combination with the NR2A subunit.

TL;DR: Presynaptic cholinergic and glutamatergic inhibition is not mediated by inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ channels, but rather by a direct interference in the neurotransmitter release process at some point subsequent to Ca1+ influx.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that under the authors' experimental conditions, DA content reflects the neuronal origin of the neurotransmitter release and that the 5-HT4, but not the5-HT1, 5- HT2 or 5-ht3, receptor subtype is implicated, at least partially, in this effect.

TL;DR: Calcium entry was studied at the squid giant synapse by imaging light emission from n-aequorin-J, intracellularly injected into the presynaptic terminal, and results indicate that the calcium entry, triggered by action potentials, reaches a peak within 200 musec and has an overall duration of close to 800 musec, closely matching the duration of the Presynaptic calcium current determined by voltage clamp results under similar conditions.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CP 55,940 has discriminative stimulus effects and that it shares these effects with structurally dissimilar compounds that, like CP55,940, bind to the cannabinoid receptor.

TL;DR: In vitro pretreatment with corticosterone significantly reduced 8-OH-DPAT-induced inhibition of the 5-HT cell discharge in slices from adrenalectomized rats, suggesting that glucocorticoid receptors are involved in the suppressive effects of high levels of corticosteroids on the5-HT1A receptor-dependent regulation of 5- HT neuronal activity in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus.

TL;DR: Findings support NMDA receptor heterogeneity which may be of particular relevance for the development of subtype-selective drugs.

TL;DR: A modulation by anandamide of pathways involved in the expression of physical signs of opioid dependence and support its role as an endogenous cannabinoid agonist are suggested.

TL;DR: The future development of potent and subtype-specific antagonists will greatly facilitate the advancement of understanding of these receptors as well as providing the potential for novel therapeutic approaches in a variety of neuropathological states.

TL;DR: The results establish the presence of a CSP in rat brain and in the zymogen granule of the rat pancreas and suggest that CSPs have a role in exocrine and neural secretion.

TL;DR: Both the ACPD-and the low frequency stimulation (LFS)-induced LTD and DP were inhibited in the presence of the mGluR antagonist (+)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG), demonstrating the necessity for the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the induction of LTD/DP.

TL;DR: Recombinant human mGluR5a was also stably expressed in mouse fibroblast Ltk- cells, in which the efficacy and potency of quisqualate were unchanged for more than 30 cell passages.

TL;DR: Results suggest that protein kinase C, phospholipase A2 and perhaps Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II play a role in mediating the sustained elevated activity of dorsal horn neurons that is incrementally elicited by repeated application of mustard oil, but probably make little contribution to sustained brush-evoked activity.

TL;DR: Results indicate that extracellular concentrations of amantadine (CSF and serum values in patients, striatal microdialysates in the rat) are in the range of its Ki-value at the PCP binding site, which is much higher than in brain tissue.

TL;DR: These pharmacological findings provide strong evidence for the coexistence of group 2 and 3 mGluRs on the terminals of mossy fibers in the guinea pig.