Showing papers in "Placenta in 2000"

TL;DR: The problem with the placenta is generally considered to be an inadequate uteroplacental circulation leading to placental hypoxia, oxidative stress and, in the most severe cases, infarction.

TL;DR: It is speculated that if oxygen tension fails to increase, or trophoblasts do not detect this increase, HIF-1alpha and TGFbeta3 expression remain high, resulting in shallow trophoblast invasion and predisposing the pregnancy to pre-eclampsia.

TL;DR: Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor expression and function provide a molecular explanation for the observed poor angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of IUGR.

TL;DR: The GLUT1 glucose transporter, present on both the microvillous and basal membranes of the syncytial barrier, is the primary isoform involved in the transplacental movement of glucose as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper definitive evidence that the classical class I product, HLA-C, is expressed on the surface of normal trophoblast cells is provided and Immunohistology has confirmed Hla-C is expressed by all extravillous subpopulations in vivo.

TL;DR: Although CTBs behave like metastatic cells, in vivo they are only transiently invasive (first trimester) and their invasion is normally limited only to the endometrium and to the proximal third of the myometrium.

TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the prophylactic and non-proliferation of Clostridium difficile during the first trimester of pregnancy and shows clear trends in prognosis and in particular in the cases of women with high prolapse problems.

TL;DR: Comparative studies will continue to be required to understand the functional role of IGFs and IGFBPs in each species, and to highlight the diversity in the expression of the IGF system among placentae of man and different laboratory animals, and even between closely related species.

TL;DR: Premature exposure of trophoblast to high oxygen tensions in vivo may result in reduced villous branching, but this is likely to be a cause, rather than a consequence, of reduced fetal growth and oxygen consumption.

TL;DR: Characterization of implantation sites in a new mouse strain that is deficient in all lymphoid lineages adds strength to the hypothesis that uNK cells may have specialized physiological, rather than classically immune, functions in the pregnant mammalian uterus.

TL;DR: There is a mechanism for molecular recognition of the placental trophoblast cells which modulates the invasive proclivity of the EVT, and in this way placentation could be controlled.

TL;DR: Endothelial signalling systems, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor system and the angiopoietin/Tie2 system, were identified as central regulators of embryonic angiogenesis and the complex interactions between these and other endothelial signalling system are beginning to emerge.

TL;DR: According to this study trophoblasts from first trimester placentae should be identified by cytokeratin antibodies specific for the isoform 7, and subsequent immunodepletion with antibodies to CD45RB and FSA increased the purity of the trophoblast preparation to greater than 98 per cent.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the uteroplacental RAS is important for the regeneration of the endometrium after shedding, and for decidualization, implantation and placentation, and in this way modulates various aspects of tissue function.

TL;DR: The signal transduction pathways that trigger apoptosis in other systems are described, key genetic controls for the process are identified, and the final common pathway which effects execution in cells committed to suicide is outlined.

TL;DR: Although the morphological changes associated with maternal smoking seem to be the result of an all-or-none, rather than dose-dependent, effect, the available evidence is not conclusive and suggests that other factors might be compromising the fetoplacental unit.

TL;DR: This article presents a summary of techniques, which can be used to express antibody libraries on bacteriophages and describes analogies and differences between these two techniques, both of which are used to reach comparable scientific objectives.

TL;DR: Perfusion fraction mapping identified differences in function within the normal placenta in vivo, and between the placentae of normal and IUGR pregnancies.

TL;DR: Oxygen levels play an important role in placentation and in the pathophysiology of certain complications of pregnancy, and genes whose expression is regulated by oxygen are identified.

TL;DR: Whether the recently characterized endosomal membrane iron transporter, divalent metal ion transporter-1 (DMT-1), is expressed in human syncytiotrophoblast, and whether its cellular localization would support roles for cytoplasmic and placental-fetal iron transport is investigated.

TL;DR: It is speculated that modulation of BAK expression is one factor regulating apoptosis in human trophoblast.

TL;DR: This research presents a novel and scalable approaches that allow for real-time, 3D analysis of the response of the immune system to foreign substance abuse.

TL;DR: Sonographically thick placenta is associated with increased perinatal risk with increased mortality related to fetal anomalies and higher rates of both small for Gestational age and large for gestational age infants at term.

TL;DR: Over-nourishing adolescent sheep is associated with a major restriction in placental growth which mediates a gradual slowing of fetal growth during the final third of pregnancy, implying that growth restriction in the fetuses derived from H intake dams was largely symmetrical.

TL;DR: Data suggest that relatively pure EC and MC preparations can be established from amnion, and PG output and its regulation appears to differ within these two amnions cell types, dependent upon substrate availability and the regulation of PGHS activity.

TL;DR: This study shows that cattle have extensive trophoblast class I expression on placentomal, cryptal endometrial epithelium is shut down, which may be critical for avoidance of immunological rejection.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether activin A exerts any effects on cytokine and prostaglandin (PG) production by the tissues of pregnancy in amnion, choriodecidual and placental tissues derived from pregnancies delivered at term by Caesarean section.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined histomorphometric features in chorionic villi obtained by sampling at 11-14 weeks of gestation from 124 ongoing pregnancies (33 trisomy 21, 14 trisomies 18 and 13, and 61 chromosomally normal controls) and found an inverse relationship between fetal nuchal translucency thickness and villus diameter and the number of capillaries per villus cross-section.

TL;DR: Immunohistochemical analyses of first trimester placentae showed that TNFRI is localized to the villous cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast, to the proliferating cytotrophoblasts of the cell islands and cell columns, as well as to extravillous cells invading decidual tissue, while TNFRII, however, was absent in early trophoblast populations.

TL;DR: Both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 may regulate the production of VEGF in early gestational trophoblasts and may therefore serve to modulate placental vascular permeability and angiogenesis that are necessary for embryo implantation and placentation.