Showing papers in "Progress in Neurobiology in 2005"

TL;DR: Evidence supports that the unregulated activation of microglia in response to environmental toxins, endogenous proteins, and neuronal death results in the production of toxic factors that propagate neuronal injury.

TL;DR: A model is proposed in which BDNF signaling at glutamate synapses drives the translation of newly transported and locally stored mRNA in dendrites, which defines a critical window for synaptic consolidation.

TL;DR: Current issues on the two apparent primary mechanisms--the redistribution of catecholamines from synaptic vesicles to the cytosol, and induction of reverse transport of transmitter through plasma membrane uptake carriers are reviewed.

TL;DR: This work describes the multivariate linear methods most commonly used in neurophysiology and shows that they can be extended to assess the existence of nonlinear interdependence between signals and describes nonlinear methods based on the concepts of phase synchronization, generalized synchronization and event synchronization.

TL;DR: Nitric oxide is a well-known vasorelaxant agent, but it works as a neurotransmitter when produced by neurons and is also involved in defense functions when it is produced by immune and glial cells.

TL;DR: Transporter characteristics for drug efflux transport systems identified in the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier are summarized to summarize strategies for modulating or by-passingDrug efflux transporters at the BBB as novel therapeutic approaches to drug-resistant brain diseases.

TL;DR: Novel pathways that involve the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, apoptotic injury that leads to nuclear degradation in both neuronal and vascular populations, and the early loss of cellular membrane asymmetry that mitigates inflammation and vascular occlusion are discussed.

TL;DR: Study of the LLFR in humans has proved to be an interesting functional window onto the spinal and supraspinal mechanisms of pain processing and on the spinal neural control mechanisms operating during posture and locomotion.

TL;DR: A systems approach is put forward in order to build a network model of the limbic forebrain/limbic midbrain system, and the interactions of its major components, which is oriented toward considerations of distributed neural systems themselves as functional entities in the brain.

TL;DR: A discussion of what the function might be of newly generated neurons in the adult brain and a summary of current thinking about the consequences of disturbed adult neurogenesis and the reaction of neurogenic regions to disease are provided.

TL;DR: The anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioral data presented in this review point towards a potent regulatory function of the STN in the processing of associative and limbic information towards cortical and subcortical regions.

TL;DR: The molecules that are currently known to mediate the exquisite sensitivity of spines to perturbations in their environment are discussed and it is outlined how these molecules interface with each other to mediated cascades of signals flowing from the spine surface to the actin cytoskeleton.

TL;DR: The data underscore the likely importance of adequate nutritional Vitamin A status for adult brain function and highlight retinoid signalling pathways as potential novel therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.

TL;DR: Describing of six behaviors of leech behavior including their origins within neuronal circuits, their modification by feedback loops and neuromodulators, and interactions between circuits underlying with these behaviors are provided.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that dysfunction of the emotional brain is a hallmark of schizophrenia, and a model that integrates previous neural accounts of emotional abnormalities in schizophrenia is proposed, and specifies a neural basis for differential emotional correlates of positive and negative symptoms is proposed.

TL;DR: This review proposes that noteworthy upper extremity gains toward motor recovery evolve from activity-dependent intervention based on theoretical motor control constructs and interlimb coordination principles.

TL;DR: Comparing what is known about neuromelanin with melanins found in other body tissues suggests that this proposed function may be compromised, thus rendering pigmented neurons vulnerable to oxidative damage in this disorder.

TL;DR: A computational neuroscience theoretical framework is described which shows how an attentional state held in a short term memory in the prefrontal cortex can by top-down processing influence ventral and dorsal stream cortical areas using biased competition to account for many aspects of visual attention.

TL;DR: Experimental studies suggest that Nurr1 is not only essential in the development of mensencephalic dopaminergic neurons and maintenance of their functions, but it may also play a role in the pathogenesis of PD.

TL;DR: The scientific debate on the role of zinc and of some zinc-binding proteins in aging and Neurodegenerative disorders, as well as on the beneficial effect of zinc supplementation in aged brain and neurodegeneration, is extensively discussed in this review.

TL;DR: A review of studies whose numbers are geometrically expanding that deal with Fos in the dorsal horn and the conclusions therefrom to efficiently locate populations of cells in nociceptive pathways.

TL;DR: It is likely that an understanding of retinal activity, guidance molecules, downstream signaling cascades, and the interactions between these biological systems will be critical to elucidating the mechanisms of sensory map formation.

TL;DR: Besides their pacemaking role in spindle generation, RE neurons are crucially implicated in the inhibition of TC neurons during cortically generated spike-wave (absence) seizures, which may explain the obliteration of signals from the external world and unconsciousness during these epileptic fits.

TL;DR: In vitro studies indicate that medial vestibular nucleus neurons are of two major subtypes (A and B), which differ in their spike shape and after-hyperpolarizations, and membrane properties of MVN neurons show rapid and long-lasting plastic changes after deafferentation, which may serve to maintain their level of activity and excitability after the loss of afferent inputs.

TL;DR: The field of Drosophila memory research is nearing a state of integration of the bottom up and top down approaches to understanding this form of behavioral plasticity.

TL;DR: The findings show that the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus plays an important role in the control of erectile function and sexual activity, and may have great significance in terms of a human perspective for the treatment of erectiles dysfunction.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the synaptic and non-synaptic properties of neocortical neurons along with their ability to produce synchronous activity, the anatomical and functional alterations that characterize limbic structures in patients presenting with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, and the pathophysiology of seizure genesis in Taylor's type focal cortical dysplasia.

TL;DR: Information is provided about hypothetical proteins in terms of protein chemical analysis, independent of antibody availability and specificity and bioinformatic handling to contribute to the extension/completion of protein databases and original work on HP in the brain is included to illustrate the processes of HP identification and functional assignment.

TL;DR: The inflammatory changes in remote areas might be involved in the pathogenesis of secondary neuronal damage in focal brain lesions and retrograde degeneration.

TL;DR: Developmental alterations in NMDAR composition that occur at different ages in various brain structures may explain the protracted nature of the maturation of various associative learning abilities.