Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 2014"

TL;DR: A significant elevation in pro- inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum of patients with medication-naive first episode psychosis adds to the evidence of a pro-inflammatory immune deregulation in schizophrenia and suggests these cytokines should be the focus for further research in biomarkers of progress and extent of illness.

TL;DR: Preliminary evidence indicated that online and mobile-based interventions show promise in improving positive psychotic symptoms, hospital admissions, socialization, social connectedness, depression and medication adherence.

TL;DR: It is concluded that CBT is effective in treating auditory hallucinations and CBT for delusions is also effective, but the results must be interpreted with caution, because of heterogeneity and the non-significant effect-sizes when compared with active treatment.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of cognitive findings in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia confirms the existence of significant cognitive impairments at the early stage of the illness in the absence of antipsychotic medication.

TL;DR: Shorter DUP is associated with less severe negative symptoms at short and long-term follow up, especially when the DUP is less than 9 months, and since there is no effective treatment for negative symptoms, reducing DUP to less than9 months may be the best way to ameliorate them.

TL;DR: The ipseity-disturbance model offers an integrative and dynamic view of schizophrenia congruent with recent trends in cognitive neuroscience and consistent with the heterogeneous, varying, and holistic nature of this enigmatic illness.

TL;DR: The finding that only the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 responded to treatment in parallel with symptom improvement suggests that this could be used as a potential treatment response biomarker in future studies of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: In the absence of uncertainty about the diagnosis or concerns about the contribution of medication side effects to problems with health or functioning, a trial off of antipsychotic medications is associated with a very high risk of symptom recurrence and should thus not be recommended.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a meta-analysis and meta-regression to estimate the prevalence rates for obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS) and OCD in schizophrenia, and investigated what influences these prevalence rates.

TL;DR: The contribution of (1)H-MRS studies to knowledge about glutamatergic abnormalities in the brains of individuals with SCZ is reviewed, the implications for future research and clinical care are discussed and the results by brain region are summarized.

TL;DR: The efficacy and safety of cariprazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia are supported and significant improvement on CGI-S was demonstrated for all active treatments.

TL;DR: It is theorized that subconscious attempts to restore perceptual coherence may induce hallucinations and delusions and increased insight into mechanisms underlying 'self-disorders' may enhance understanding of schizophrenia, improve recognition of early psychosis, and extend the range of therapeutic possibilities.

TL;DR: It is proposed that subjective anomalies associated with basic self-disturbance may be associated with source monitoring deficits, which may contribute particularly to disturbances of "ownership" and "mineness" (the phenomenological notion of presence or self-affection) and aberrant salience.

TL;DR: Overall, the results indicate that there is a small but significant relationship between clinical insight, some aspects of cognitive insight and neurocognition in psychotic disorders and while the neurocognitive model is important it is likely to be one of many which contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon.

TL;DR: It is proposed that subjective anomalies associated with basic self-disturbance may be associated with source monitoring deficits and aberrant salience, which may contribute to hyper-reflexivity, disturbed "grip" or "hold" on perceptual and conceptual fields, and disturbances of intuitive social understanding ("common sense").

TL;DR: Evidence is provided supporting the association between MIR137 and CACNA1C and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population by performing an association analysis in a cohort of 1430 schizophrenia patients and 1570 healthy Han Chinese control subjects.

TL;DR: It is suggested that while certain domains of metacognition could improve with prolonged psychosis, difficulties with global metac Cognition and social cognition may be stable features of the disorder and perhaps unique to psychosis.

TL;DR: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether adolescents affected by the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, known to have a 30 fold increased risk to develop schizophrenia, already show deviant EEG microstates, and found an increased presence of one microstate class that was associated with positive prodromal symptoms (hallucinations).

TL;DR: The addition of minocycline to atypical antipsychotic drugs in early schizophrenia had significant efficacy on negative symptoms but had a slight effect on the attention domains of patients with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The findings support the merits of considering both COGDIS and UHR criteria in the early detection of persons who are at high risk of developing a first psychotic episode within 48months.

TL;DR: An initial investigation into the post stimulation effects of tDCS on cognitive performance in a repeated measures design in 18 patients with schizophrenia revealed a significant improvement in performance over time following 2mA stimulation only, which speaks to the feasibility of tDCS for enhancing cognitiveperformance in schizophrenia, as well as the importance of dose of stimulation.

TL;DR: Individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective, bipolar, or major depressive disorders are collectively about three times more likely to have elevated NMDAR antibody titers compared with healthy controls based on high-specificity, but not low- Specificity, seropositivity thresholds, though considerable methodological and statistical heterogeneity exists.

TL;DR: Overall, patients with schizophrenia showed deficits in the sense of the minimal self, driven by abnormal sense of body ownership and sense of agency, which suggests an exaggerated self- consciousness rather than a diminished sense of self.

TL;DR: Assessment of resting-state EEG microstate characteristics in high-risk individuals and clinically stable first-episode patients with schizophrenia with low symptom levels found evidence that HR and SZ might share specific disturbances in brain functional connectivity.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the use of self- report forms as psychosis risk "screeners" is presented, which revealed 34 investigations in which authors used a self-report questionnaire as a first-step screener in a clinical high-risk assessment protocol.

TL;DR: Treating negative symptoms appears to be a possible path for improving real-world social functioning in people with schizophrenia, and adding depression into the predictor model improved the prediction of real- world social functioning significantly, but minimally.

TL;DR: These conversion equations may aid in the comparison of medication efficacy studies, in meta- and mega-analyses examining symptoms as moderator variables, and in retrospective combination of symptom data in multi-center data sharing projects that need to pool symptom rating data when such data are obtained using different scales.

TL;DR: Negative and disorganised symptoms and cognitive deficits pre-date frank psychotic symptoms and are risk factors for poor functioning, consistent with a subgroup of ARMS individuals potentially having neurodevelopmental schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The pattern, magnitude, and distribution of severity of impairment in FESz were similar to that observed in CSz, suggesting that early in the illness, there may be relative sparing of working memory and social cognition.

TL;DR: Recommendations for the utility of the QPR in routine clinical practice along with suggestions for future research are discussed.