Showing papers in "Seminars in Immunology in 2013"

TL;DR: By specifically blocking IL-1, a great deal is learned about the role of this cytokine in inflammation but equally important, reducingIL-1 activity has lifted the burden of disease for many patients.

TL;DR: Recent findings of the interactions of skin microbial communities with host immunity are reviewed, and the role that dysbiosis of these communities plays in diseases of the skin is discussed.

TL;DR: The recent developments in CD4(+) T cell plasticity are discussed with a focus on Treg and Th17 cells and its role in human autoimmune disease, in particular multiple sclerosis (MS).

TL;DR: A role for IL-18 has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, emphysema, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage activation syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury, although paradoxically, in some models of disease, IL- 18 is protective.

TL;DR: The characteristics and functional roles of the IL-1R family are examined, which include the regulation of innate inflammation, host defense and acquired immunity.

TL;DR: This issue of Seminars in Immunology on The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Family of Ligands and Receptors updates the rapidly expanding importance of this family.

TL;DR: Nucleic acid vaccines have the potential to address issues of safety and effectiveness sometimes associated with vaccines based on live attenuated viruses and recombinant viral vectors and methods to manufacture nucleic acid vaccine are suitable as generic platforms and for rapid response, both of which will be very important for addressing newly emerging pathogens in a timely fashion.

TL;DR: In this review, the discovery and biological function of the cytokines IL-36α, IL- 36β,IL-36γ and Il-36Ra will be discussed, and their role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases is discussed.

TL;DR: This review uses 5 well established vaccine adjuvant platforms; alum, emulsions, liposomes, PLG, and particulate systems such as ISCOMS in addition to immune stimulatory molecules to illustrate that a vaccine formulation is more than a simple mixture of component A and component B.

TL;DR: The current vaccine pipeline does not include strategies which prevent or eliminate infection with the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), so the time is now ripe to exploit radically new strategies to achieve this goal.

TL;DR: Although data from macrophages or macrophage cell lines are predominant, secretion of IL-1β by monocytes is the most clinically relevant, and here the most credited of these pathways is described.

TL;DR: The mechanisms of complement activation on cancer cells, the cancer-promoting effect of complement initiation, and the rationale behind the use of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against cancer are summarized.

TL;DR: The link between complement and metabolic organs, focusing on the pancreas, adipose tissue, and liver and the diverse effects of complement system on metabolic disorders are discussed.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on features and functions of human α/β T cell subsets are reviewed, focusing on CD4(+) T cells classified according to cytokine production and tissue localization, which represent not only an ideal model to study T cell differentiation, but also offer important clinical opportunities.

TL;DR: In this review, the immune response network theory and its application to the new field of vaccinomics and adversomics are discussed, and howvaccinomics can lead to new vaccine candidates, new understandings of how vaccines stimulate immune responses, new biomarkers for vaccine response, and facilitate the understanding of what genetic and other factors might be responsible for rare side effects due to vaccines.

TL;DR: IL-1β-deficient mice are protected against local and systemic inflammation due to live infections, autoimmune processes, tumor metastasis and even chemical carcinogenesis, and a role for autophagy in production of IL-1 β has emerged with deletion of the ATG16L1 gene.

TL;DR: The recognition of CD4 CTL as a defined separate subset of effector cells and the identification of the mechanisms and factors that drive their reprogramming finally create new opportunities to explore the physiological relevance of these effector Cells in vivo and to determine their pivotal roles in both, protective immunity as well as in immune-related pathology.

TL;DR: It is proposed that understanding the details of how specific components of the microbiota influence the systemic immune system likely will have significant impact on the understanding of the pathophysiology of a variety of autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: The recent efforts to apply systems biology approaches to dissect the role of lipid mediators during bacterial and viral infections in vivo are described.

TL;DR: The role that carbohydrate epitopes generated from glycoconjugate vaccines had in activating helper T cells was explored and it was found that these epitopes are presented to specific carbohydrate recognizing T cells through a unique mechanism.

TL;DR: This review focuses on less known regulatory roles of the complement system after trauma and during fracture healing, rather than on its bacterial and cellular "killing functions", and various complement crosstalks after trauma appear to be crucially involved early after trauma.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that Paneth cell dysfunction should be considered a common cause of dysbiotic, and that compromised antimicrobial peptide secretion and consequent dysbiosis are common causes.

TL;DR: This review will discuss effector mechanisms of Treg cells in the intestine and how these cells can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota.

TL;DR: In this review, the negative regulation mediated by decoy receptors are presented and include IL-1R2 and IL-IL-18BP as well as atypical receptors, which include TIR8/SIGIRR,IL-1RAcPb, TIGIRr-1 and IL,1RAPL, which are considered a general strategy to counter the primary inflammatory activities of cytokines and chemokines.

TL;DR: The complex interaction of pentraxins with the Complement system at different levels has broad implications for host defence and regulation of inflammation.

TL;DR: How the SFB life-style may underlie its potent immunostimulatory properties is examined and how the trade-off set up between SFB and its hosts can simultaneously help to establish and maintain the ecological niche of SFB in the intestine and drive the post-natal maturation of the host gut immune barrier is discussed.

TL;DR: The mechanistic insights underlying the crosstalk of complement with cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways that drive tissue regeneration are discussed and will provide a unified conceptual framework for considering complement modulation as a novel target for regenerative therapeutics.

TL;DR: A framework for the broader value of vaccination is discussed and its application in the context of dengue vaccination for Brazil is reviewed.

TL;DR: Evidence that complement is involved in the dysbiotic transformation of theperiodontal microbiota and in the inflammatory process that leads to the destruction of periodontal bone is discussed.

TL;DR: Current concepts surrounding human Th17 cells are reviewed, with an emphasis on their plasticity, heterogeneity, and their many, tissue-specific functions, key to ongoing efforts to develop safer and more selective anti-inflammatory medicines.