Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2018"

TL;DR: The important uses of organophosphate (OP)-based compounds worldwide are described to provide an overview of the various risks and toxicology associated with OP exposure, particularly long-term neurologic and psychiatric symptoms, and mechanisms of OP toxicity beyond cholinesterase inhibition are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the neurotoxic disorders appearing in patients exposed to organophosphorus pesticides and known mechanisms involved and suggested the possibility of prevention/medical treatment for these disorders.

TL;DR: In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, it is possible that acrolein induced cell pyroptosis and suppressed cell migration via ROS-dependent autophagy, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a key role in this process.

TL;DR: The epidemiological as well as experimental studies evidencing the association of exposure to OPs and incidence of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases are reviewed.

TL;DR: Nrf2 is critically involved in preventing liver fibrosis induced by long-term administration of APAP in mice, and Andro alleviates APAP-induced Liver fibrosis by attenuating liver oxidative stress injury via inducing Nrf2 activation.

TL;DR: The results indicated that CaMKII plays an important role in Cd induced ER apoptosis and MAPK activation, and provides a theoretical basis for future investigations into the clinical therapeutic application of CaMKⅡ inhibitors in osteoporosis induced by Cd exposure.

TL;DR: Significant hypomethylation in both D-loop and ND6 was observed with a consequent increase in their target gene expression and higher mtDNA copy number in arsenic-exposed populations compared to controls, suggesting mitochondrial epigenetic alteration in arsenic exposure will be of critical importance for the prevention of adverse health effects.

TL;DR: It is shown that treatment with the L RRK2 inhibitor PFE-360 in rats induces a morphological kidney phenotype resembling that of the LRRK2 ko rats, whereas no effects were observed in the lung.

TL;DR: Rg3 could improve exercise performance and resist fatigue possibly through elevating SIRT1 deacetylase activity and suppressing p53 transcriptional activity in the biological process.

TL;DR: In vivo and in vitro, PDE caused testicular dysplasia before and after birth in male offspring rats, and its mechanism was related to the low-expressional programming of StAR mediated by decreasing H3K9ac level.

TL;DR: Results suggest pyraclostrobin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits lipid homeostasis, resulting in TG accumulation, and rosiglitazone, a known PPARγ agonist, induced TG accumulation in a PParγ-dependent manner and enhanced mitochondrial function.

TL;DR: In conclusion, the kinase inhibitors ponatinib, regorafenib, and sorafenIB impaired the function of the respiratory chain, which was associated with increased ROS production and a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that ATP depletion and subsequent LDH release were induced in a time and concentration-dependent manner by leflunomide in HepG2 cells, and to a lesser extent, by A77 1726.

TL;DR: It is suggested that necroptosis contributes to 3-MCPD-dipalmitate-induced acute kidney injury, and that may be attenuated by miR-223-3p.

TL;DR: Differences in time-dependent lung injury between PHMG- and bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice are considered to be a result of the inflammatory processes induced by both substances, which may mainly involve macrophage infiltration.

TL;DR: It was found that rapamycin, NAC and resveratrol improved cellular oxygen consumption accompanied by a decrease in cellular ROS generation and increase in GSH level, while chloroquine suppressed cellular respiration and deteriorated cellular oxidative stress, and autophagy plays a protective role in Mn-induced cell toxicity.

TL;DR: Novel genes modulated by VPA are identified, which provide more insight into the mechanisms of repeated dose toxicity of VPA, leading to steatosis.

TL;DR: It is shown that autophagy plays a critical role in regulation of Cd-induced immunosuppression in RAW264.7 cells, and pharmacological and genetic inhibition ofAutophagy suppressed C d-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by inhibition of caspase-8, caspases-3, and PARP-1 cleavage, indicating that Autophagy promotes apoptosis.

TL;DR: The genotoxicity and mutagenicity data support a cytotoxic, non-genotoxic mechanism for these acrylates, which are used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers and copolymers for plastics, food packaging, adhesives, and cosmetic formulations.

TL;DR: Data suggest that the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride is associated with the impairment of synaptogenesis, which is caused by ERK1/2-mediated BDNF-TrkB signaling disruption.

TL;DR: The discovery of a mitochondrial-directed agent (MitoK3), which was developed by conjugating a TPP cation to the C3 position of the menadione's naphthoquinone ring, increasing its selective accumulation in mitochondria, as well as led to alterations of its redox properties and consequent biological outcome.

TL;DR: Sperm viability, expressed by integrity of the plasma membrane, was lower in sperm isolated from ejaculate or epididymis after culturing with AFB1, and AFB1-induced fragmentation in paternal DNA might have a carryover effect on the quality of developing embryos.

TL;DR: Co-treatment of tamoxifen and naringenin could inhibit cell proliferation more effectively in ER+ breast cancer cells, which was associated with a modulation of the expression levels of several estrogen receptors.

TL;DR: These studies collectively indicated that GO accumulation in reproductive organs, suppression of spermatogenesis, and the alteration of fatty acid metabolism play critical roles in understanding mechanisms of toxicity in C. elegans.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the observed BPA-mediated changes observed in this study are unlikely to alter immune competence in adult rats.

TL;DR: The results of this study provided a systematic evaluation of the changes of nuclear receptors and their downstream chemicalmetabolism and transport enzymes in the progression of NAFLD.

TL;DR: A novel role of epigenetically regulated NLRP10 in Th17/IL-17 signaling during CS exposure is suggested and epigenetic markers within the Nlrp10 promoter following cigarette smoke exposure are investigated.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the replacement of aromatic residues with aliphatic ones at the acyl pocket and choline binding site mostly interfered with the stabilisation of the oxime's pyridinium ring(s) within the active site gorge needed to obtain the proper orientation of theOxime group toward the phosphorylated active site serine.

TL;DR: Evaluating the effects of chronic BPA exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats on the relative number and proportion of defined leukocyte populations in the spleen and the thymus concluded that it is unlikely that the observed BPA-mediated changes alone would adversely affect immune competence.

TL;DR: The data suggest that hepatocytes with cholesterol overload promote an adaptive response against cadmium-induced acute toxicity by up-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins, managing ROS overproduction, increasing GSH synthesis and MT-II content to avoid protein oxidation.