Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2021"

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the ovary in rats were investigated and the underlying molecular mechanisms were found out, which showed that MPs could enter into granulosa cells and result in the reducing of growing follicles number.

TL;DR: OrganoPlate LiverTox as discussed by the authors is a 3D microfluidic liver-on-a-chip for high throughput hepatotoxicity screening, which is comprised of aggregates of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocytes (iHep) seeded in an extracellular matrix in the organ channel and co-cultured with endothelial cells and THP-1 monoblasts differentiated to macrophages seeded in the vascular channel of the 96 well Mimetas Organoplate 2-lane.

TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the specific molecular mechanisms of Cadmium (Cd) chloride-induced neurotoxicity and found that Cd caused cerebral histopathology lesions, inducing cerebral pyroptosis and the mass generation of inflammatory cytokines, as indicated by the increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation (NLRP3, Cas1 and ASC).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated 142 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using an in vitro screening platform consisting of two multiplexed transactivation assays encompassing 81 diverse transcription factor activities and tested in concentration-response format ranging from 137m to 300m.

TL;DR: In this article, male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to saline or 0.1 mg/d polystyrene microplastics for 30 days or 44 days to determine the effects of MPs on reproductive systems, following which some of the mice were caged for 10 days to mate to test fertility.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the possible molecular mechanisms of MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and developed novel strategies for treating MTX mediated liver injury in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis patients.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of nanoplastics on the immune system, especially at the cellular level, are explored, and it is shown that RAW 264.7 macrophages undergo differentiation into lipid laden foam cells when exposed to polystyrene nanoplastic (50 μg/mL).

TL;DR: The results support the use of the Chip2 model to provide information on parent and metabolite disposition that may be relevant to risk assessment of topically applied cosmetics ingredients.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of Nrf2 hyperactivation in Cd-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated and it was shown that persistent activation promoted a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and autophagy inhibition.

TL;DR: Fertility and lifespan data together indicate a trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance during chronic paraquat exposure, and it is proposed that mitochondrial signaling, dynamics, and CEP-1 mediated germline apoptosis is involved in this trade-off.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Antioxi-EVs can reduce the severity of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung injury induced by PM2.5 via anti-oxidative stress and immunomodulation pathways.

TL;DR: In this article, an ontology-driven and artificial intelligence-based repeated dose toxicity testing of chemicals for next generation risk assessment is presented. But the authors focus on NAMs addressing adversities in the liver, kidneys and developing brain induced by a variety of chemicals.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed evidence from experimental inhalation studies in rats and dogs, and evidence from accidental human exposures to better understand the primary and secondary events causing cardiopulmonary dysfunction and an ensuing life-threatening lung edema.

TL;DR: This article showed that BaP increased heart malformations in zebrafish embryos in a concentration-dependent manner, which were attenuated by supplementation with either CH223191 (CH), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) inhibitor, or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the epidemiology, pathological characteristics, clinical predictive indicators, related mechanisms, possible prevention and treatment of OXA-related hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a taxonomic key for snake envenomation, including the main species identification, description of venom composition and mode of action of known toxins and a standardised clinical protocol and antivenom administration.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the potential anti-cancer activity and action mechanism of brusatol against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines.

TL;DR: In this paper, Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) was shown to have a significant therapeutic effect on PQ-induced lung injury in rats by pretreatment with 250 μM PQ for 24 h.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper found that Cd exposure upregulated the expression of pro-apoptosis related genes and caused apoptosis via the activation of the ER-stress signaling pathways in pancreas cells.

TL;DR: FA induces ferroptosis in hippocampal neuronal cells by upregulation of the Warburg effect and the inhibition of the warburg effect by dichloroacetate protected HT22 cells against FA-induced ferroPTosis and cell death.

TL;DR: The results showed that main targets of DEHP during juvenile period were liver and metabolic system in both sexes, while sex-specific effects were recorded in reproductive system (male rats) and in thyroid (female rats).

TL;DR: The role of folate and other micronutrients such as vitamin B12, choline, betaine, and creatine in As methylation has been extensively studied.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the potential molecular mechanism by which exposure to particulate matter (PM) was closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that Cadmium exposure induced necrotic cell death and ion homeostasis imbalance in swine myocardium, and showed that Cd exposure increased LXA4 content, inhibited the FPR2 expression, activated TGF-β pathway and suppressed Nrf2 pathway, activating the NF-κB pathway.

TL;DR: In this paper, MBP exposure significantly reduced Neuro-2a cell viability and induced apoptotic events that MBP (5-15 μM) exhibited greater neuronal cytotoxicity than BPA (50-100 μM).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the possible mechanism of environmental metal cadmium (Cd) inducing apoptosis of pig lymph nodes and found that Cd can significantly reduce the expression of PI3K, AKT and HIF-1α in the three lymph nodes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that exposure to second-hand smoking increased the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) in liver, and the expression of cholesterol synthesis-related genes was upregulated.

TL;DR: In this article, an AOP network connecting 14 linear AOPs related to human hepatotoxicity, currently available in the AOP-Wiki, was derived according to established criteria and characterized and analyzed with regard to its structure and topological features.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of Cd exposure on the porcine adrenal fibrosis by affecting the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages and its potential regulatory mechanism.

TL;DR: Two studies show that LAMPS is a robust and reproducible in vitro liver model, comparable in performance when seeded with either primary human hepatocytes or iPSC-derived hepatocytes, and more physiologically and clinically relevant than 2D monolayer cultures.