Showing papers in "Trends in Biochemical Sciences in 1985"

TL;DR: Sialic acids are a group of sugars occurring mainly as components of glycocojugates in higher organisms and the regulation of molecular and cellular recognition is of outstanding importance.

TL;DR: Site-directed mutagenesis is enabling the production of specifically designed inhibitors for therapeutic use, including an improved replacement for α-antitrypsin deficiency, which can result in the degenerative lung disease emphysema.

TL;DR: The ubiquitin protein is a protein found in eukaryotic cells either free or covalently joined to a variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Results are reviewed which strengthen earlier notions that the glycan moieties of some glycoproteins play important roles in maintenance of protein conformation and solubility and mediation of biological activity.

TL;DR: Studies with monoclonal antibodies have shown that a family of blood group-related antigens based on the carbohydrate backbone sequences Gals1–4(or3)GlcNAc behave as tumour-associated antigen in certain cell types of certain individuals but as normal antigENS in others.

TL;DR: This work has shown that phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives are storage forms of messenger molecules that can be released in response to specific extracellular signals.

TL;DR: Many vertebrate proteins can now be assigned to family groups, and some other relationships are clearly the results of exon shuffling and may offer a clue to the origin of introns.

TL;DR: Preparations of photosystem II membranes have facilitated biochemical studies of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex and three extrinsic membrane proteins for which the molecular properties and functions in oxygen evolution have been characterized are described.

TL;DR: Experiments suggest that at least some of the highly repeated DNA sequences that are dispersed in mammalian genomes are functional and, as a result, questions about them can be more carefully framed.

TL;DR: It is argued that the inhibition of membrane traffic is causally related to the division of these organelles and that inhibition of vesicle fusion is the trigger for the division process.

TL;DR: The heat shock response is a ubiquitous phenomenon in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes that have been studied and the focus is on understanding the regulation of the heat shock genes and the function of theHeat shock proteins.

TL;DR: Two retroviral oncogenes were derived from genes for proteins which function in cellular growth control pathways and encodes a truncated form of the epidermal growth factor receptor.

TL;DR: A genetic approach to the membrane-bound Na + /H + antiporter opens the way to its molecular identification and its role in growth control.

TL;DR: A large number of the members of the collagen family have diverse molecular structures and functions, and form a variety of histologically distinct matrix elements, which make up the collagen matrix.

TL;DR: Transforming growth factors are hormonally active polypeptides that induce phenotypic transformation in normal cells and their role in normal and malignant cell proliferation is investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, the mechanical and biological properties of connective tissues can be related to its chemical composition using ideas which have been developed to analyse the behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite materials.

TL;DR: It is proposed that these α-subunits are modified by kinases, proteases and other protein-modifying enzymes to give new forms with differing functions, which provides a way of explaining the multiple actions of a hormone on its target cell.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the developmental activation which acts on some heat-shock genes uses the same activation system, but modifies its activity with additional cell-type-specific factors.

TL;DR: Rapid freezing has long promised the most faithful structural presentation of biological material for electron microscopy and with the recent emergence of methods for vitrifying specimens, this promise seems about to be fulfilled.

TL;DR: The ras proteins become highly oncogenic as a result of single amino acid mutations that inhibit GTP hydrolytic activity and may be part of a growth-promoting complex that has lost its regulatory capabilities.

TL;DR: The primary events of photosynthetic light reactions excel in efficiency and speed as discussed by the authors, and occur in highly organized protein-pigment aggregates that have been well characterized, both chemically and functionally.

TL;DR: The erythrocyte surface is densely studded with carbohydrate, either as glycolipid or as glycoprotein, and about half of this carbohydrate is in the polylactosamine-type structures, which are also principal carriers of ABH-group determinants as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The present work has provided the first proof of a chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis in methanogenic bacteria using methanol and H 2 as a raw material for methanogenesis.

TL;DR: The ratio of this phosphotransferase activity of glucose-6-phosphatase to the activity of glucokinase may adjust to maintain the steady-state blood glucose concentration as the physiological circumstances demand.

TL;DR: The polypeptide chains of a globular protein can fold spontaneously, eventually assembling into their native, biologically functional conformation through a spontaneous kinetically oriented process consisting of a succession of steps.

TL;DR: Mercury-resistance is one of the most widespread of the bacterial resistance determinants, and the bacterial volatilization of mercury from mercuric salts forms an integral part of the circulation of mercury in the environment.

TL;DR: Techniques for cell permeabilization and control of cytosol composition include high-voltage electric discharge and the use of Sendai virus are described to be applied to the investigation of stimulus-secretion coupling in rat mast cells.