Showing papers in "Trends in Cell Biology in 2009"

TL;DR: The small vesicles shed from the surface of many cells upon stimulation, considered for a long time to be artefacts, are now recognized as specific structures that are distinct from the exosomes released upon exocytosis of multivesicular bodies.

TL;DR: Recent studies aimed at uncovering the in vivo presence and function of G-quadruplexes in genomes and RNA are reviewed, with a particular focus on telomeric G- quadruplexe and how their formation and resolution is regulated to permit telomere synthesis.

TL;DR: The MAM thus integrates signal transduction with metabolic pathways to regulate the communication and functional interactions between the ER and mitochondrion and enables highly efficient transmission of Ca(2+) from the ER to mitochondria to stimulate oxidative metabolism and, conversely, might enable the metabolically energized mitochondria

TL;DR: This review examines the recent advances that further elucidate the role of 14-3-3 proteins as integrators of diverse signaling cues that influence cell fate decisions and tumorigenesis.

TL;DR: How specific combinations of histone modifications affect the accumulation and function of DNA repair factors and chromatin remodeling complexes at DSBs collectively regulate DSB repair and checkpoint arrest, avoiding genomic instability and oncogenic transformation in higher eukaryotes is discussed.

TL;DR: Modulation by tetraspanins of the function of adhesion receptors involved in inflammation, lymphocyte activation, cancer and pathogen infection suggests potential as therapeutic targets and implications for cell adhesion, proteolysis and pathogenesis are discussed.

TL;DR: Advances in the structural and functional analyses of the CD47-SIRPalpha signalling pathway now provide exciting hints of the therapeutic benefits of manipulating this signalling system in autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders.

TL;DR: Recent studies that indicate how, in response to extracellular cues, nuclear and cytoplasmic remodeling of the 3'UTR contributes to mRNA localization and local protein synthesis are reviewed.

TL;DR: exciting recent developments on the role of inflammasome complexes in host defense and the discovery of a new DNA sensing inflammaome are reviewed and important progress made are described in the understanding of howinflammasomes are activated.

TL;DR: Recent insights into the effects of post-translational modifications, protein associations and mode of internalization on the functions of the TGF-beta receptors and their signaling responses are discussed.

TL;DR: The optical "highlighting" capability of PA-FPs has led to the rise of novel imaging techniques providing important new biological insights, and their use in novel imaging methodologies is highlighted.

TL;DR: Current knowledge on the molecular mediators of giant cell formation is reviewed, compared giant cells with osteoclasts are compared, and key target areas for future research and medical relevance are highlighted.

TL;DR: This work focuses on recent results showing how leukocytes and angiogenic factors regulate endothelial junctions.

TL;DR: Current progress on the role of huntingtin in vesicular trafficking is discussed, focusing on the proposal that huntingtin might be a crucial regulator of organelle transport along the cellular cytoskeleton.

TL;DR: The identification of components involved in plasmodesmal structure and associated signaling molecules is now yielding novel insights into the evolution and function of PD in mediating the trafficking of non-cell-autonomous information macromolecules.

TL;DR: This work describes how the different endocytic routes of Wnt receptors through caveolin and clathrin determine specificity of WNT signaling in vertebrates.

TL;DR: This work discusses the possible role of crosstalk between the mitotic actin cortex and the plus ends of astral microtubules in this process and the possible roles of spindle self-organization and spindle orientation with respect to extracellular chemical and mechanical cues.

TL;DR: The view that has emerged is rooted in a probabilistic understanding of cellular processes that quantitatively explains both the mean and the variation observed in gene-expression patterns among single cells.

TL;DR: Atypical E2Fs have a crucial role in plant cell size control, endocycle regulation, proliferation and apoptotic response upon DNA stress and their position at the crossroads of proliferation and DNA stress response marks them as interesting study objects in the field of tumor biology.

TL;DR: It is suggested that thermal diffusion, which can appear surprisingly like thermal diffusion of particles, but faster, represents an important and biologically tunable mechanism for transport in living cells.

TL;DR: New data show that (m)TORC1 also controls G2/M progression in yeast and mammals, albeit in contrasting ways, and that the protein kinase MAP4K3 and Rag GTPases have important roles in this.

TL;DR: Recent progress is discussed in understanding of mechanisms of interaction between Met, the epidermal growth factor receptor family and other cell surface protein families, and how these contribute to signal crosstalk, oncogenesis and drug resistance.

TL;DR: The functions of Merlin and the ERM proteins are discussed both in linking membrane proteins to the underlying cortical cytoskeleton and in controlling the distribution of and signaling from membrane receptors.

TL;DR: Descriptions of coat assembly in different circumstances that are consistent with what is known from X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy are outlined.

TL;DR: New ideas have emerged from live-cell imaging of microtubules, particularly in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing the importance of encounters between micro Tubule-assembly dynamics in driving self-organization.

TL;DR: How IKK subunits can have crucial roles in allergy, inflammation and immunity by targeting proteins such as SNAP23 and IRF7, but also in cancer by phosphorylating key molecules such as p53, TSC1 and FOXO3a through NF-kappaB-independent pathways is described.

TL;DR: Recent findings suggest that at least two molecular motors can differentially mobilize the intraflagellar transport machinery required for ciliogenesis and, presumably, different cargo to help generate dynamic, structurally and functionally distinct cilia.

TL;DR: The novel role of microtubules during neuronal development is reviewed, models for microtubule-dependent signaling in neuronal plasticity are discussed and common themes are that micro Tubules direct specific membrane traffic and affect actin dynamics to locally organize axon growth and spine dynamics.

TL;DR: New work on lateral root formation strongly supports the idea that biophysical forces can elicit complete de novo developmental programs in plants.

TL;DR: Investigating the many roles of kindlins is likely to expand and sharpen the view on the versatility of integrin-mediated cell adhesion, the nuclear function of focal adhesion proteins, and the crosstalk between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions in health and disease.