Showing papers in "Trends in Cell Biology in 2020"

TL;DR: Recent data have revealed glutathione/GPX4-independent axes for suppressing ferroptosis, and insight into the regulation of iron and mitochondria in ferroPTosis, which is a promising approach in treating several conditions, including neoplastic diseases.

TL;DR: This work reviews EMT, MET, pEMT, and plasticity in the context of tumor metastasis and discusses the role of EMT in the setting of primary tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.

TL;DR: The conceptual underpinnings of the raft hypothesis are reviewed and critically discuss the supporting and contradicting evidence in cells, focusing on why controversies about the composition, properties, and even the very existence of lipid rafts remain unresolved.

TL;DR: The types of ROS, their impact on cellular processes, and their pro- and antitumorigenic effects are discussed, and recent advances in understanding of both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in tumorigenic processes are discussed.

TL;DR: It is discussed how the new findings have the potential to transform the understanding of TJ structure and function, and how the intricate network of TJ proteins and membrane lipids dynamically interact to drive TJ assembly.

TL;DR: It is now clear that modulation of circular RNA levels can result in a variety of molecular and physiological phenotypes, including effects on the nervous system, innate immunity, microRNAs, and many disease-relevant pathways.

TL;DR: How different bacteria and viruses impact morphological and functional changes in host mitochondria and how this manipulation can influence microbial pathogenesis as well as the host cell metabolism and immune responses is summarized.

TL;DR: This review highlights the prevalence and roles of Tc subsets in the TME, and discusses their therapeutic applications in the context of adoptive immunotherapy to treat cancer.

TL;DR: This work describes how master regulators, such as RhoGTPases, can simultaneously control the three cytoskeletal structures and summarizes the recent crosstalk mechanisms by which cytOSkeletal networks can locally regulate one another in order to function in a coordinated and efficient manner during migration.

TL;DR: How macrophage lipid metabolism can be dynamically altered in different physiological and pathophysiological contexts and the key regulators involved is reviewed.

TL;DR: Morphologically defined structures within the plasma membrane, such as cellular junctions, focal adhesions, primary cilia, caveolae, clathrin-coated pits, and plaques play additional key roles in cellular feedback via the Hippo pathway.

TL;DR: Recent findings on various types of ER-phagy are described and unanswered questions related to their mechanism and regulation are presented.

TL;DR: The promise of these patient-derived preparations is to uncover previously inaccessible features of brain function that emerge from complex cell-cell interactions and to improve the mechanistic understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: Two active mechanisms that can explain how cells regulate condensate formation and size are proposed and can guide studies into the many emerging roles of biomolecular condensates.

TL;DR: The current understanding of polyploidy at the organismal and suborganismal levels is reviewed, shared research themes and elements are identified, and new directions to integrate research on polyploidsy toward confronting interdisciplinary grand challenges of the 21st century are proposed.

TL;DR: Recent evidence that implicates cellular senescence as a central regulatory mechanism of the aging process is discussed, and mechanisms by which senescent cells drive aging and diseases are described.

TL;DR: Biased signaling and other recently appreciated complexities of GPCR signaling thus appear to be a natural consequence of the conformational heterogeneity of G protein-coupled receptors and G PCR-transducer complexes.

TL;DR: Recent research into the mechanisms underlying UPRMT signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans are reviewed and emerging connections between the UPRmt signaling and a translational regulation program called the 'integrated stress response' are discussed.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the current knowledge of the structure and molecular composition of the cell cortex, which is typically defined as a thin layer of actin meshwork that uniformly underlies the plasma membrane of the entire cell.

TL;DR: The different means of intercellular communication including soluble factors in the context of senescence, ageing, and age-related diseases are reviewed.

TL;DR: The serine/threonine kinase RIPK1 has emerged as a crucial component of the inflammatory response activated downstream of several immune receptors, where it paradoxically functions as a scaffold to protect the cell from death or as an active kinase to promote the killing of the cell.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the understanding of the major steps in cholesterol handling from the moment it enters the lysosome until it leaves this compartment.

TL;DR: This review compares how different stimuli are spatially distributed, often as gradients, to direct cell movement and the mechanisms by which they steer cells to suggest that cell migration operates by a common set of physical principles, irrespective of the input.

TL;DR: The role of PARylation in regulating biomolecular condensates is introduced, followed by discussion of current knowledge gaps, potential solutions, and therapeutic applications.

TL;DR: The recent development of new technologies to accurately measure the cell density of single cells in suspension and in tissues is likely to provide answers to how cell density affects cell function, how it is controlled, and how it sometimes changes as part of a developmental process or in response to changes in the environment.

TL;DR: An overview of how EV-associated proteins promote tissue repair processes and discuss current challenges in evaluating their contribution to EV function and future directions for translating fundamental insights into clinically relevant EV therapies are provided.

TL;DR: In this review, how current understanding of the search process has initially been shaped by prokaryotic studies is discussed, as well as what is known about the parameters regulating TF search efficiency in the context of the complex eukaryotic chromatin landscape.

TL;DR: The notion of 'reprogramming competence' to explain the plasticity of differentiated hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells is proposed and the clinical relevance of cell plasticity for human liver diseases is summarized.

TL;DR: This review discusses how nitrogen is utilized in biosynthetic pathways and highlights different metabolic and oncogenic programs that alter the flow of nitrogen to sustain biomass production and growth, an important emerging feature of cancer and immune cell proliferation.

TL;DR: Understanding how the authors cope with DNA damage could inform on the aging process and further on how deficient DNA maintenance manifests in age-related phenotypes may lead to the development of novel interventions promoting healthspan.