Showing papers in "Trends in Genetics in 1992"

TL;DR: There is now evidence that several growth factors, cell adhesion molecules and other molecules play important roles in the regulation of this minute organ.

TL;DR: Genetic studies of many diversely regulated genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified two groups of genes with global functions in transcription, suggesting that the SNF/SWI and SPT/SIN functions are conserved throughout eukaryotes.

TL;DR: Microsatellites are tandem repeats of simple sequence that occur abundantly and at random throughout most eukaryotic genomes and are ideal markers for constructing high-resolution genetic maps in order to identify susceptibility loci involved in common genetic diseases.

TL;DR: Although the major mutation causing cystic fibrosis accounts for almost 70% of mutant chromosomes screened, almost 300 sequence alterations have been identified in the gene during the past two and a half years.

TL;DR: The patterns of expression of the achaete-scute complex genes help to define the topology of the nervous system.

TL;DR: The current understanding of how these proteins catalyse recombination is described, and how the catalytic mechanisms of the two families differ is shown.

TL;DR: The analysis of species-specific subfamilies of both the LINE and SINE mammalian repetitive DNA families suggests that such subfam families have arisen by amplification of an extremely small group of 'master' genes.

TL;DR: The aspects of X-chromosome inactivation that are relevant to cell memory are reviewed and the various molecular mechanisms that have been proposed to explain its occurrence are discussed, with emphasis on DNA methylation and a recently proposed mechanism that depends on the timing of replication.

TL;DR: In the mature animal, bone repair after injury appears to be similar to bone formation in the embryo, suggesting that analogous mechanisms for the control of bone formation may exist in the adult and embryonic skeletons.

TL;DR: The question of how myogenesis takes place can now be formulated in terms of gene regulation, and molecular tools can be used to describe this process in the embryo and foetus.

TL;DR: The order of action of genes in a regulatory hierarchy that is governed by a signal can often be determined by the method of epistasis analysis, in which the phenotype of a double mutant is compared with that of single mutants.

TL;DR: A working model of how telomeric shortening may induce programmed changes in the regulation of cellular proliferation is presented.

TL;DR: Although it is not yet known whether the presence of retroelements is linked to the high level of variability found in plant genomes, it is now clear that retrotransposons are ancient and ubiquitous components of plant genomes.

TL;DR: The principle of embryonic induction was defined by early studies of lens determination, and because of the relative simplicity of the developing lens and its interaction with presumptive retinal tissue it has been a favored system for examining mechanisms of induction.

TL;DR: Theoretical models and intriguing preliminary data suggest that these plant-pathogen polymorphisms are maintained by continual cycles of coevolution within populations, combined with occasional immigration of new virulence and resistance genes from distant populations.

TL;DR: Many bacteria secrete extracellular proteins such as hydrolytic enzymes or toxins, but in Gram-negative bacteria, secreted proteins must cross the two membranes that constitute the cell envelope.

TL;DR: The structure of plant mitochondrial genomes has proven to be complex and difficult to study, but the role of these repeats is becoming more obvious as mitochondrial genomes are examined in detail.

TL;DR: Genetic variation not only allows pathogens to establish themselves in their chosen host, but also allows them to resist that host's subsequent attempts to evict them.

TL;DR: Recent studies of the corn smut fungus life cycle and its regulation by two mating type loci and other genes provide a cornucopia of challenges in cell biology, genetics and protein structure.

TL;DR: This review compares the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach, suggest methods for investigating the activity of the factors in vitro and in vivo, and discuss strategies to elucidate their physiological functions during plant growth and development.

TL;DR: This work has implicated Wnt-1, and other members of the Wnt gene family, in regulation of a number of basic developmental processes in Drosophila, Xenopus and the mouse, leading to a new appreciation of the normal and oncogenic actions of Wnt genes.

TL;DR: The cloning of the G6PD gene has made it possible to clarify the molecular basis underlying this enzyme deficiency and polymorphism.

TL;DR: Approximately 5% of established transgenic lines carry insertional mutations that provide useful models of human inherited disorders and developmental abnormalities that may be directly isolated using the transgene DNA as a molecular probe.

TL;DR: Pulses of the steroid hormone ecdysone during late larval and prepupal development in Drosophila coordinate the activation of a large number of primary and secondary response genes, signalling the onset of metamorphosis.

TL;DR: The biology and genetics of Wilms' tumour underline the developmental relationship between kidneys and gonads.

TL;DR: In certain phages and bacteria, there is a recombination system that specifically promotes the inversion of a DNA fragment that appears to act as genetic switches allowing the alternate expression of different sets of genes which in general code for surface proteins.

TL;DR: In many plant species nonzygotic embryos can develop from diploid somatic cells grown in tissue culture, and one of these glycoproteins may be part of a mechanism that controls the expansion of plant cells.