Showing papers in "Veterinary Microbiology in 2002"

TL;DR: Decision-making to determine the importance of brucellosis control relative to other public concerns and what bru cellosis control strategies should be applied is urgently required is urgently needed.

TL;DR: In countries of the Near East region, brucellosis was reported in almost all domestic animals, particularly cattle, sheep and goats, and Brucella melitensis biovar 3 is the most commonly isolated species from animals in Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Tunisia and Turkey.

TL;DR: Attempts are being made to develop defined rough mutant vaccine strains that would be more effective against B. melitensis and B. suis, with or without adjuvants.

TL;DR: Serological diagnosis of brucellosis began more than 100 years ago with a simple agglutination test, but this type of test was susceptible to false positive reactions resulting from, for instance, exposure to cross reacting microorganisms, giving rise to the development of primary binding assays.

TL;DR: A review of the herpesvirus phylogenetic tree explains what is currently known about the evolution of this important virus family by proceeding from the twigs, along the branches, boughs and trunk and towards the root.

TL;DR: Detection of adhesion factor genes F4, F18 and intimin is suggested as an operational alternative when diagnosing PWD and ED and detection of hemolytic activity and virulence factor gene profiles were evaluated as epidemiological markers for pathogenicity.

TL;DR: This paper reviews some of the major advancements in molecular diagnostics for Brucella including the development of procedures designed for the direct analysis of a variety of clinical samples and there is still room for improvement.

TL;DR: The integrity of BrucellA LPS on the bacterial surface is one of the required factors for Brucella intracellular survival, and therefore for virulence.

TL;DR: To study the genetic relationship between isolates of distinct geographical origin, a selected region of the fusion (F) protein gene of the viruses was amplified using RT/PCR and the resulting DNA product sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.

TL;DR: A developed reverse line blot (RLB) assay for simultaneous detection and identification of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in domestic ruminants and ticks and shows that E. ruminantium could be detected in adult ticks even if feeding of nymphs was carried out 3.5 years post-infection.

TL;DR: A critical reappraisal of the species concept, a review of the population structure of bacteria and the analysis of Brucella genetic diversity by methods other than DNA-DNA hybridization show that there are no scientific grounds to apply the genomospecies concept to this genus.

TL;DR: The history and evolvement of brucellosis in China is described, the variation of epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, application of vaccines and control in brief, and some disadvantages of live Brucella vaccines are discussed.

TL;DR: An innovative approach--Bovine Brucellosis Progressive Control Programme (BBPCP) is targeted to overcome the basic problems of ban on cow slaughter, distress sale of animals following the positive serological diagnosis of brucellosis and absence of a disease control strategy.

TL;DR: It is proposed that these isolates represent a new serovar of A. pleuropneumoniae--serovar 15--with HS143 being the reference strain for the new seravar.

TL;DR: In conclusion, infection with PCV2 caused PMWS in SPF piglets, however, the immunostimulation did not seem to play a critical role.

TL;DR: It is concluded that viral infections can play a direct or indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis; therefore, their importance in the analsis of bovo mastitis and their economical impact needs further attention.

TL;DR: PCR-RV method is diagnostic of Salmonella at the genus level and ST at the serovar level, although other tests are needed to identify SE, SG and SP to serovars level.

TL;DR: Mutants lacking Omp25 are indeed attenuated in animal models of infection, and moreover provide levels of protection similar or better than currently used attenuated vaccine strain B. melitensis Rev.16 M, and appear interesting vaccine candidates for the future.

TL;DR: Control and eradication programs of brucellosis in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs have been more or less successfully implemented within the Member States of the European Union and Norway after Word War II but the situation is less favorable in Southern European countries, particularly as far as sheep and goat bru cellosis are concerned.

TL;DR: It is established that in humans, Brucella suis impairs the apoptosis of monocytes and macrophages, thus preventing its host cell elimination and hypothesize that the chronicity or the elimination of the infection will depend on the balance between contradictory effects induced by the bacteria which favor the host or the pathogen.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of bovine, swine, ovine, caprine, and canine brucellosis in Brazil is reviewed and the zoonotic aspects of Brucella infection in Brazil are discussed.

TL;DR: A review of Brucella in sea mammals and updates findings from the study of sea mammals from around the coast of Scotland are provided.

TL;DR: Data from this and previous studies indicates that viraemia is transient in BTV-infected ruminants, and that the RT-nested PCR assay provides a very sensitive and conservative test for the screening of cattle and sheep for the presence of BTV.

TL;DR: A strategy was implemented as part of the year 2001 Belgian Brucellosis Eradication Program to substantiate the eradication of bovine brucellosis and the only test that was proven to be specific is the brucellergen skin test.

TL;DR: The high percentage of Salmonella in reptiles in the study confirms the risk for the transmission of the infection to humans and confirms the number of reports about reptile-associated salmonellosis is increasing.

TL;DR: The PCR assay proved to be a highly specific and sensitive method for detecting Salmonella and the incorporation of a routine PCR test in conjunction with standard culture could be effective in providing a more accurate profile of the prevalence of this pathogen in broiler carcasses.

TL;DR: It is likely that additional affected herds will be disclosed before brucellosis is finally eradicated from cattle, and animal health officials remain prepared to aggressively pursue any newly disclosed affected herds to eliminate the disease as quickly as possible.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of macrophages with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was evaluated by conducting comparative studies with brucella-resistant C57BL/10 mice and susceptible BALB/c mice.

TL;DR: Twelve Brazilian isolates and three reference strains of bovine herpesviruses were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and monoclonal antibody (MAb) analysis, which allowed the differentiation between types 1 and 5 viruses.

TL;DR: It is indicated that avian influenza viruses have been transmitted to pig populations in southeastern China by using the neutralization (NT) test.