Journal ArticleDOI
A CMOS Energy Harvesting and Imaging (EHI) Active Pixel Sensor (APS) Imager for Retinal Prosthesis
TLDR
A CMOS image sensor capable of imaging and energy harvesting on same focal plane is presented for retinal prosthesis and its efficiency was measured at different light levels.Abstract:
A CMOS image sensor capable of imaging and energy harvesting on same focal plane is presented for retinal prosthesis. The energy harvesting and imaging (EHI) active pixel sensor (APS) imager was designed, fabricated, and tested in a standard 0.5 μm CMOS process. It has 54 × 50 array of 21 × 21 μm2 EHI pixels, 10-bit supply boosted (SB) SAR ADC, and charge pump circuits consuming only 14.25 μW from 1.2 V and running at 7.4 frames per second. The supply boosting technique (SBT) is used in an analog signal chain of the EHI imager. Harvested solar energy on focal plane is stored on an off-chip capacitor with the help of a charge pump circuit with better than 70% efficiency. Energy harvesting efficiency of the EHI pixel was measured at different light levels. It was 9.4% while producing 0.41 V open circuit voltage. The EHI imager delivers 3.35 μW of power was delivered to a resistive load at maximum power point operation. The measured pixel array figure of merit (FoM) was 1.32 pW/frame/pixel while imager figure of merit (iFoM) including whole chip power consumption was 696 fJ/pixel/code for the EHI imager.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward 1G Mobile Power Networks: RF, Signal, and System Designs to Make Smart Objects Autonomous
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a framework for 5G communications based on the Internet of Things (IoT), where the development of 5G and beyond will see the emergence of trillions of low-power autonomous wireless devices for applications such as ubiquitous sensing through an IoT.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Ultra-Low Power CMOS Image Sensor with On-Chip Energy Harvesting and Power Management Capability
TL;DR: An on-chip maximum power point tracking (MPPT)-based power management system (PMS) is designed for the dual-mode image sensor to further improve the energy efficiency and a new isolated P-well energy harvesting and imaging (EHI) pixel with very high fill factor is introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
A 64 fJ/step 9-bit SAR ADC Array With Forward Error Correction and Mixed-Signal CDS for CMOS Image Sensors
TL;DR: The Forward Error Correction (FEC) of the pDAC improves its robustness against device mismatch and performs mixed-signal Correlated-Double-Sampling (CDS) using only the ADC's built-in capacitor array without any additional amplifier or memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Ultra-Low Power Energy Harvesting and Imaging (EHI) Type CMOS APS Imager With Self-Power Capability
Ismail Cevik,Suat U. Ay +1 more
TL;DR: The proposed EHI type CMOS APS pixel harvests one order of magnitude higher power than that of the other pixel technologies reported in the literature and has decoupled imaging and harvesting operations such that imaging related circuits are turned off while energy is harvested, and vice versa.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Towards Self-Powered Cameras
TL;DR: A simple pixel design is proposed, where the pixel's photodiode can be used to not only measure the incident light level, but also to convert the incidentLight into electrical energy to lead to a fully self-powered solid-state image sensor that produces a useful resolution and framerate.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip
TL;DR: In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.
Book
The Art of Analog Layout
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed discussion of the application of Bipolar Transistors in a CMOS process and their application in a variety of applications, including the following: 1. Semiconductors.
Journal Article
CMOS image sensors: Electronic camera-on-a-chip
TL;DR: In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Device mismatch and tradeoffs in the design of analog circuits
TL;DR: This paper explores the impact of random device mismatch on the performance of general analog circuits and results in a fixed bandwidth-accuracy-power tradeoff which is independent of bias point for bipolar circuits whereas for MOS circuits some bias point optimizations are possible.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design of a high-resolution optoelectronic retinal prosthesis.
TL;DR: The design of an optoelectronic retinal prosthetic system with a stimulating pixel density of up to 2500 pix mm(-2) (corresponding geometrically to a maximum visual acuity of 20/80) is presented.
Related Papers (5)
A Low-Power Energy-Harvesting Logarithmic CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Resolution Using Two-Level Quantization Scheme
An 84 pW/Frame Per Pixel Current-Mode CMOS Image Sensor With Energy Harvesting Capability
Fang Tang,Amine Bermak +1 more