Journal ArticleDOI
A Perspective on Arc Welding Research: The Importance of the Arc, Unresolved Questions and Future Directions
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The state-of-the-art on arc welding research is discussed in this paper, where the focus is on the arc plasma and its interactions with the electrode and workpiece, in tungsten-inert-gas and metal inert-gas welding.Abstract:
The state-of-the-art on arc welding research is considered, with unresolved questions and future directions highlighted. Both diagnostics and modelling are discussed. The focus is on the arc plasma, and its interactions with the electrode and workpiece, in tungsten–inert-gas and metal–inert-gas welding. Areas in which the need for further work is identified include development of techniques to measure current density distributions, calculation of the distribution of different gasses in the arc plasma (for example vapours of different metallic elements when welding alloys), computational methods for modelling metal transfer, and treatments of the sheath regions. It is shown that a thorough understanding of the arc is important in welding research and development. For example, reliable calculation of the heat flux to the workpiece requires the interactions between the arc and electrodes to be considered. Computational models of welding that take into account these interactions can already predict the shape and depth of the weld pool. Extensions of these methods would enable the determination of important properties of the welded metal, such as microstructure, residual stress and distortion, raising the possibility of the development of a “virtual manufacturing” capability.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The 2017 Plasma Roadmap: Low temperature plasma science and technology
Igor Adamovich,Scott D. Baalrud,Annemie Bogaerts,Peter Bruggeman,Mark A. Cappelli,Vittorio Colombo,Uwe Czarnetzki,Ute Ebert,Ute Ebert,James Gary Eden,Pietro Favia,David B. Graves,Satoshi Hamaguchi,Gary M. Hieftje,Masaru Hori,Igor Kaganovich,Uwe Kortshagen,Mark J. Kushner,Nigel J. Mason,Stéphane Mazouffre,S. Mededovic Thagard,Hans-Robert Metelmann,A. Mizuno,Eric Moreau,Anthony B. Murphy,Brendan A. Niemira,Gottlieb S. Oehrlein,Z. Lj. Petrović,Leanne Pitchford,Yi Kang Pu,Shahid Rauf,Osamu Sakai,Seiji Samukawa,Svetlana Starikovskaia,Jonathan Tennyson,Kazuo Terashima,Miles M. Turner,M.C.M. van de Sanden,Armelle Vardelle +38 more
TL;DR: The 2017 plasmas roadmap as mentioned in this paper is the first update of a planned series of periodic updates of the Plasma Roadmap, which was published by the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics in 2012.
Journal ArticleDOI
The future for plasma science and technology
Klaus-Dieter Weltmann,Juergen F. Kolb,Marcin Holub,Dirk Uhrlandt,Milan Šimek,Kostya Ostrikov,Satoshi Hamaguchi,Uroš Cvelbar,Mirko Černák,Bruce R. Locke,Alexander Fridman,Pietro Favia,Kurt Becker +12 more
TL;DR: The potential of plasma technologies is discussed in this paper, where economic trends are anticipated together with research needs, and the community of plasma scientists strongly believes that more exciting advances will continue to foster innovations and discoveries in the first decades of the 21st century, if research and education will be properly funded and sustained by public bodies and industrial investors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Catalysis as an Alternative Route for Ammonia Production: Status, Mechanisms, and Prospects for Progress
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss possible benefits and synergies of the combination of plasma and catalysts in ammonia synthesis and introduce different regimes of plasma discharges and plasma reactor configurations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel non-equilibrium modelling of a DC electric arc in argon
TL;DR: In this article, a non-equilibrium model was developed to describe the interplay of heat and mass transfer and electric and magnetic fields in a DC electric arc, and a complete diffusion treatment of particle fluxes, a generalized form of Ohm's law, and numerical matching of the arc plasma with the space-charge sheaths adjacent to the electrodes were applied to analyze in detail the plasma parameters and the phenomena occurring in the plasma column and the near-electrode regions of a DC arc generated in atmospheric pressure argon for current levels from 20 A up to 200 A
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-equilibrium Modeling of Tungsten-Inert Gas Arcs
TL;DR: The most common non-equilibrium approaches for modeling tungsten-inert gas arc plasma have been developed up to date, in particular two-temperature and fully nonequilibrium approach.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Particle-Source-In Cell (PSI-CELL) Model for Gas-Droplet Flows
Book
The Physics of Welding
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe electric arc welding, high energy density welding, and future developments of welding processes, and discuss the benefits of better understanding of the physics of welding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser light scattering in laboratory plasmas
D E Evans,J Katzenstein +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of light scattering from a collection of free electrons is reviewed, and it is shown that the frequency spectrum observed at a detector is precisely that of the density fluctuations of a particular scale length in the scattering medium, the scale length being determined by the wavelength of the incident light and the geometry of the experimental arrangement.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of metal vapour in arc welding
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of metal vapour on the distributions of temperature, current density and heat flux in arcs is examined in terms of these thermophysical properties, and different approaches to treat diffusion of metal vapor in plasmas, and the production of vapour from molten metal, are compared.