Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Peer ReviewDOI
Assessment of spasticity: an overview of systematic reviews
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and The Cochrane Library to evaluate the evidence from published systematic reviews related to assessment of spasticity in people with various neurological conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gait parameters assessed with inertial measurement unit during 6-minute walk test in people after stroke.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the evolution of gait spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters during the 6MWT and compared it with age-matched healthy subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Guided Self-rehabilitation Contracts Combined With AbobotulinumtoxinA in Adults With Spastic Paresis.
Jean-Michel Gracies,Gerard E. Francisco,Robert Jech,Svetlana Khatkova,Carl Rios,Pascal Maisonobe +5 more
TL;DR: Guided self-rehabilitation contracts (GSCs) are a diary-based rehabilitation strategy, wherein specific muscles are identified for prescription of high-load, home self-stretching techniques as discussed by the authors.
Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation over GastrocnemiusMuscle Spasticity among Hemiparetic Patients
Manig,an G,Bharathi K +2 more
TL;DR: It shows that application of TENS over Gastrocnemius can reduce the muscle spasticity in stroke patients, compared to the conventional group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Passive Hydraulic Training Simulator for Upper Arm Spasticity
TL;DR: A novel, purely mechanical (nonpowered) training simulator that utilizes a hydraulic damper with selectable viscous effect to simulate the speed-dependent spastic muscle tone and a Scotch-Yoke linkage system to create the “catch-release” behavior of spasticity is presented.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
Book
An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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