Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Combination Treatment of Low-Frequency rTMS and Occupational Therapy with Levodopa Administration: An Intensive Neurorehabilitative Approach for Upper Limb Hemiparesis After Stroke
Wataru Kakuda,Masahiro Abo,Kazushige Kobayashi,Ryo Momosaki,Aki Yokoi,Akiko Fukuda,Hiroshi Ito,Ayumi Tominaga +7 more
TL;DR: A proposed protocol featuring levodopa administration, low-frequency rTMS, and intensive occupational therapy could provide a safe and feasible intervention for upper limb hemiparesis after stroke.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical assessment of ankle plantarflexor spasticity in adult patients after stroke: inter-and intra-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale.
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari,Soofia Naghdi,Scott Hasson,Maryam Rastgoo,Malek Amini,Bijan Forogh +5 more
TL;DR: The reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale in the measurement of ankle plantarflexor spasticity in adult patients after stroke was insufficient for routine use in clinical settings and research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Feasibility and Safety of a Powered Exoskeleton for Assisted Walking for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Single-Group Preliminary Study.
TL;DR: The device appeared feasible and safe for about a third of the authors' sample, for whom routine exoskeleton-assisted walking may offer secondary benefits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale as a clinical tool in measurements of post-stroke elbow flexor spasticity.
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari,Soofia Naghdi,Scott Hasson,Atefeh Mousakhani,Azam Nouriyan,Zeinab Omidvar +5 more
TL;DR: The MMAS yielded reliable measurements between raters when used on patients post-stroke with elbow flexor spasticity and for two inexperienced raters was very good.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outcome Measures for Persons With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Recommendations From the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy TBI EDGE Task Force.
Karen L. McCulloch,Anna Lisa de Joya,Kaitlin Hays,Erin Donnelly,Tammie Keller Johnson,Coby D. Nirider,Heidi Roth,Heidi Roth,Sue Saliga,Irene Ward +9 more
TL;DR: The process used by the TBI EDGE task force to assess the psychometrics and clinical utility of OMs used with individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the consensus recommendations for OM use in clinical practice, research, and professional PT education are described.
References
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TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
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An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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