Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Effects of mental practice on mobility of individuals in the early subacute post-stroke phase: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
Zaqueline Fernandes Guerra,Letícia Campos Bellose,Ana Paula Ferreira,Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais Faria,Clarissa Cardoso dos Santos Couto Paz,Giancarlo Lucchetti +5 more
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of mental practice on mobility rehabilitation in the early subacute phase after a stroke in comparison to a control group was investigated, and no differences were found for any of the study's outcomes.
Quantifying the Performance of Wireless Data Acquisition System to Assess Upper Limb Spasticity
Nurul Atiqah Othman,Noor Ayuni Che Zakaria,Fazah Akhtar Hanapiah,Natiara Mohamad Hashim,Khairunnisa Johar,Cheng Yee Low,Jingye Yee +6 more
TL;DR: In this article , two raters with different years of experience, using Wireless Data Acquisition Systems from Biometrics Ltd in compliance with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) as a measurement tool were analyzed using Levene's test to compare the quantitative data by analyzing the homogeneity of the variance and Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) to determine the correlation of force exerted by the raters during clinical assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of the combination therapy of tilt sensor functional electrical stimulation and integrated volitional control electrical stimulation on brain activity during the subacute phase following stroke: a feasibility study
Tsubasa Mitsutake,Tsubasa Mitsutake,Maiko Sakamoto,Soichiro Koyama,Kensuke Matsuda,Mitsunori Okita,Etsuo Horikawa +6 more
TL;DR: There was a significantly higher level of activation in the bilateral cerebellum and the left side of the supplementary motor area in the experimental condition than in the control condition, demonstrating that the combination of integrated volitional control functional.
Cerebral spasticity modeled as disorded equilibrium point control
TL;DR: CEREBRAL SPASTICITY MODELED as DISORDED EQUILIBRIUM POINT CONTROL is compared as a model for point-based decision-making in the industrial setting.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
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An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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TL;DR: In this article, the multivariate normal distribution is used for principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance and related topics, as well as multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis.