Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative measurement of resistance force and subsequent attenuation during passive isokinetic extension of the wrist in patients with mild to moderate spasticity after stroke
Kentaro Kawamura,Seiji Etoh,Tomokazu Noma,Ryota Hayashi,Yuiko Jonoshita,Keisuke Natsume,Seiichi Niidome,Yong Yu,Megumi Shimodozono +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) was used to evaluate wrist passive extension stiffness in stroke survivors with mild to moderate spastic paresis using a custom motor-controlled device.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spasticità muscolare: stato dell’arte e prospettive
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a relazione univoca tra spasticita and prestazione motoria, in particular attraverso the patologia vascolare cerebrale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of the Kinematic Upper-Limb Movement Assessment (KUMA): A Pilot Study.
Parvin Eftekhar,Michael Hong Gang Li,Mark Semple,Denyse Richardson,Dina Brooks,George Mochizuki,Tilak Dutta +6 more
TL;DR: This assessment uses motion capture to provide three kinematic measures of upper limb movement: active range of motion, speed, and compensatory trunk movement and provides clinicians with supplementary objective information for motion characterization that is not available through clinical measures alone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Causal modelling demonstrates metabolic power is largely affected by gait kinematics and motor control in children with cerebral palsy
TL;DR: In this article , the authors identified the causal effects of clinical factors that may contribute to high metabolic power demand in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using Bayesian additive regression trees, adjusting for factors identified by the causal model.
References
More filters
Book
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
Book
An introduction to categorical data analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
Book
An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
Book
Introduction to multivariate analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the multivariate normal distribution is used for principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance and related topics, as well as multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis.