Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spasticity Measurement Based on Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using the PediAnklebot
Marco Germanotta,Juri Taborri,Stefano Rossi,Flaminia Frascarelli,Eduardo Palermo,Paolo Cappa,Enrico Castelli,Maurizio Petrarca +7 more
TL;DR: The capability of TSRT to discriminate between spastic and non-spastic muscles, while no significant outcomes were found for the dorsiflexor muscle is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electromyography characterization of stretch responses in hemiparetic stroke patients and their relationship with the Modified Ashworth Scale
TL;DR: The Modified Ashworth Scale reflects spasticity in terms of surface electromyography stretch responses produced by passive movement, but the relationship of spasticities to contracture remains unclear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Clinical and Neurophysiologic Responses to Intrathecal Baclofen Bolus Administration in Moderate-to-Severe Spasticity After Acquired Brain Injury
TL;DR: H/M ratio is more sensitive than the Ashworth score or F-wave persistence in detecting a physiologic response to ITB bolus, and could be application of the marked sensitivity of the H-reflex to other clinically challenging situations, such as early detection of possible ITB system malfunction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whole-Body Vibration Intensities in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
TL;DR: The addition of the 30-session WBV paradigm to the leg exercise protocol was no more effective in enhancing body functions/structures, activity, and participation than leg exercises alone in chronic stroke patients with mild to moderate motor impairments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Best Practices for Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: Screening Test.
Aaron Boster,Susan E. Bennett,Gerald Bilsky,Mark Gudesblatt,Stephen F. Koelbel,Maura McManus,Michael Saulino +6 more
TL;DR: Intrathecal baclofen screening assesses response to a test dose of ITB on spasticity and function and identifies adverse reactions.
References
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Book
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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An introduction to categorical data analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
Book
An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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Introduction to multivariate analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the multivariate normal distribution is used for principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance and related topics, as well as multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis.