Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Bihemispheric repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with intensive occupational therapy for upper limb hemiparesis after stroke: a preliminary study.
TL;DR: The combination of bihemispheric rTMS and intensive OT was safe and feasible therapy for poststroke hemiparesis patients, and improved motor function of the hemiparetic upper limb in poststroke patients is improved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetic measurements of hand motor impairments after mild to moderate stroke using grip control tasks
TL;DR: A customized dynamometer together with an innovative measurement, RTR, was designed to investigate the hand motor performance of subjects after mild to moderate stroke during force control tasks and stroke-induced abnormal flexion synergy of wrist and finger muscles could be characterized by RTR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement properties of the Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke patients (MESUPES).
TL;DR: The Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke patients (MESUPES) has high absolute and relative reliability and is suggested to be a useful tool to evaluate quality of movement in the upper extremity of stroke patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intermittent Self-catheterization in Older Adults: Predictors of Success for Technique Learning.
Claire Hentzen,Rebecca Haddad,Samer Sheikh Ismael,Benoit Peyronnet,Xavier Gamé,Pierre Denys,Gilberte Robain,Gérard Amarenco +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that success in learning CISC does not depend on age but on difficulties in mobility, access to perineum and probably cognitive disorders.
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Physiotherapy and physical functioning post-stroke: Exercise habits and functioning 4 years later? Long-term follow-up after a 1-year long-term intervention period: A randomized controlled trial
TL;DR: It is shown that persons with stroke in two groups with different exercise regimes during the first year after stroke did not differ in long-term outcomes, and both groups maintained function and had a relatively active life style 4 years after the acute incident.
References
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Book
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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An introduction to categorical data analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
Book
An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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Introduction to multivariate analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the multivariate normal distribution is used for principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance and related topics, as well as multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis.