Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Inter-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale in poststroke spasticity
TL;DR: In this article , the reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) in stroke patients with spasticity was investigated using unweighted and weighted (linear and quadratic) kappa statistics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of instrumented spasticity tests in clinical applications. Preliminary results
Ewa Szczerbik,Małgorzata Kalinowska,Krzysztof Graff,Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk,Anna Dąbrowska-Gontarczyk,Elżbieta Jelonek,Małgorzata Syczewska +6 more
TL;DR: ROM is one of the most important parameters reflecting the level of spasticity but it is not sensitive enough to detect small changes in the patient’s status, so Vmax of the pendulum test and the number of activated muscles in velocity and popliteal tests could become important tools to assess changes in spasticsity level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reliability of the Modified Ashworth and Modified Tardieu Scales with Standardized Movement Speeds in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
TL;DR: With a standardized movement speed, the reliability of the MAS for the ankle plantar flexors and the MTS for the soleus were satisfactory; however, that of the M TS for the gastrocnemius was not.
Drug Class Review: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Roger Chou,Kim Peterson +1 more
TL;DR: The purpose of this report is to make available information regarding the comparative effectiveness and safety profiles of different drugs within pharmaceutical classes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
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TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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