Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical Assessment of Spasticity in People With Spinal Cord Damage: Recommendations From the Ability Network, an International Initiative.
Anand V. Nene,Alexandre Rainha Campos,Klemen Grabljevec,Arminda Lopes,Bengt Skoog,Anthony S. Burns +5 more
TL;DR: A working group of the Ability Network identified and consolidated information on possible measures, and synthesized and formulated findings into practical recommendations for assessing spasticity and its effect on function in persons withSCD, intended to have broad applicability to a variety of health care settings where people with SCD are managed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of wheelchair wheels in terms of vibration and spasticity in people with spinal cord injury
Sigrid N W Vorrink,Lucas H. V. van der Woude,Allon Messenberg,Peter A. Cripton,Barbara Hughes,Bonita Sawatzky +5 more
TL;DR: The results of the study showed that the Spinergy wheels neither reduced vibration or perceived spasticity nor improved comfort in people with SCI more than the conventional steel-spoked wheels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correlates of the timed 25 foot walk in a multiple sclerosis outpatient rehabilitation clinic.
TL;DR: The findings support the clinical relevance of the T25FW in the rehabilitation of patients with MS and other clinician-reported and patient-reported measures in an outpatient MS rehabilitation clinic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessments and Interventions for Spasticity in Infants With or at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.
Lauren Ayala,Sarah Winter,Rachel Byrne,Darcy Fehlings,Darcy Fehlings,Alison Gehred,Lisa Letzkus,Garey Noritz,Madison C. B. Paton,Lindsay Pietruszewski,Nathan S. Rosenberg,Kelly Tanner,Jilda Vargus-Adams,Iona Novak,Nathalie L. Maitre +14 more
TL;DR: Conditional recommendations can be made for botulinum toxin-A and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy based on low level of evidence to reduce spasticity in children aged less than two years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and tolerability of eperisone and baclofen in spastic palsy: a double-blind randomized trial.
TL;DR: This head-to-head phase 3 trial compares oral eperisone, a central muscle relaxant with a promising activity in spasticity therapy, and oral baclofen, and concludes that both drugs are effective and well-tolerated drugs in the treatment of spastic palsy.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
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TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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