Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the properties and limitations of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales as measures of spasticity
Anand Pandyan,Garth R. Johnson,Christopher Price,Richard Curless,Michael P. Barnes,Helen Rodgers +5 more
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TLDR
The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity, and there is a need to standardize methods to apply these scales in clinical practice and research.Abstract:
Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics and limitations, as these will play a part in analysing and interpreting the data. Despite the current emphasis on treating spasticity, clinicians rarely measure it.Objectives: To determine the validity and the reliability of the Ashworth and modified Ashworth Scales.Study design: A theoretical analysis following a structured literature review (key words: Ashworth; Spasticity; Measurement) of 40 papers selected from the BIDS-EMBASE, First Search and Medline databases.Conclusions: The application of both scales would suggest that confusion exists on their characteristics and limitations as measures of spasticity. Resistance to passive movement is a complex measure that will be influenced by many factors, only one of which could be spasticity. The Ashworth Scale (AS) can be used as an ordinal level measure of resistance to pa...read more
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Temporal recovery and predictors of upper limb dexterity in the first year of stroke: A prospective study of patients admitted to a rehabilitation centre
Keng-He Kong,Jeanette Lee +1 more
TL;DR: The UEMI score was the most significant correlate of limb dexterity at all follow up periods and late recovery of dexterity occurs only in a small proportion of patients, which is still pertinent given the significant impact of dexterity on upper limb and selfcare function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a new method for objective assessment of spasticity using full range passive movements
Arjan van der Salm,Petrus H. Veltink,Hermanus J. Hermens,Maarten Joost IJzerman,Anand V. Nene +4 more
TL;DR: The assessment method of spasticity using full range passive movements provides objective outcomes and the angular velocity is responsible for an exponential increase in amplitude of the electromyographic response.
Journal ArticleDOI
PlANTARflExION MOMENT IS A CONTRIbUTOR TO STEP lENgTh AfTER-EffECT fOllOWINg WAlkINg ON A SPlIT-bElT TREADMIll IN INDIvIDUAlS WITh STROkE AND hEAlThy INDIvIDUAlS*
Séléna Lauzière,Carole Miéville,Martina Betschart,Cyril Duclos,Rachid Aissaoui,Sylvie Nadeau +5 more
TL;DR: Split-belt treadmills could be useful for restoring step length symmetry in individuals post-stroke who present with a longer paretic step length because the use of this type of intervention increases pareti plantarflexion moments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assisted Movement With Proprioceptive Stimulation Reduces Impairment and Restores Function in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
TL;DR: People with chronic, incomplete tetraplegia may experience improvements in impairments and function after treatment on a device combining assisted movement and proprioceptive stimulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Muscle material properties in passive and active stroke-impaired muscle
TL;DR: It is suggested that stroke-impaired muscles have potentially altered muscle material properties, specifically stiffness, and that passive and active stiffness may contribute differently to total muscle stiffness.
References
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Book
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
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An introduction to categorical data analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a tour of categorical data analysis for Contingency Tables and Logit and Loglinear models for contingency tables, as well as generalized linear models for Matched Pairs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interrater Reliability of a Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity
TL;DR: The relationship between the raters' judgments was significant and the reliability was good, and it is believed these results to be positive enough to encourage further trials of the modified Ashworth scale for grading spasticity.
Book
An Introduction to Medical Statistics
TL;DR: The design of experiments, analysis of the means of small samples using the t-c Distribution, and selection of the statistical method for clinical measurement and the structure of human populations are reviewed.
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Introduction to multivariate analysis
TL;DR: In this article, the multivariate normal distribution is used for principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance and related topics, as well as multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis.