A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Amelia J McGuinness,J. Davis,Samantha L. Dawson,Amy Loughman,Fiona Collier,Martin O'Hely,Carra A Simpson,Jessica Green,Wolfgang Marx,Christopher S Hair,G. Guest,Mahboube Mohebbi,Michelle Berk,D. Stupart,Drake R. Watters,Felice N. Jacka +15 more
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TLDR
In this paper , the authors synthesized the current literature investigating differences in gut microbiota composition in people with the major psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to healthy controls.Abstract:
Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects of physiology has gained substantial attention in the field of psychiatry. This is largely due to the many overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both the potential functionality of the gut microbiota and the biological mechanisms thought to be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised the current literature investigating differences in gut microbiota composition in people with the major psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored gut microbiota composition across disorders in an attempt to elucidate potential commonalities in the microbial signatures associated with these mental disorders. Following the PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through to December 2021. We identified 44 studies (including a total of 2510 psychiatric cases and 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, of which 24 investigated gut microbiota composition in MDD, seven investigated gut microbiota composition in BD, and 15 investigated gut microbiota composition in SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for a difference in the number or distribution (α-diversity) of bacteria in those with a mental disorder compared to controls. However, studies were relatively consistent in reporting differences in overall community composition (β-diversity) in people with and without mental disorders. Our syntheses also identified specific bacterial taxa commonly associated with mental disorders, including lower levels of bacterial genera that produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria, and higher levels of bacteria associated with glutamate and GABA metabolism. We also observed substantial heterogeneity across studies with regards to methodologies and reporting. Further prospective and experimental research using new tools and robust guidelines hold promise for improving our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health and the development of interventions based on modification of gut microbiota. read more
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The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies
Sauliha Alli,Ilona Gorbovskaya,Jonathan C W Liu,Nathan J. Kolla,Lisa C. Brown,Daniel J. Müller +5 more
TL;DR: The GMB profiles of patients with MDD differ significantly from HC, but further studies are needed to elucidate the benefits of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic treatments relative to antidepressants and over longer follow-up before these therapies are implemented into clinical practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-omics analyses of serum metabolome, gut microbiome and brain function reveal dysregulated microbiota-gut-brain axis in bipolar depression
Zhiming Li,Jianbo Lai,Peifen Zhang,Jiahong Ding,Jiajun Jiang,Chuanfa Liu,Huimin Huang,Hefu Zhen,Caixi Xi,Yuzhe Sun,Lingling Wu,Lifang Wang,Xingle Gao,Yan Li,Yaoyang Fu,Zhuye Jie,Shenghui Li,Danhua Zhang,Yiqing Chen,Yiyi Zhu,Shaojia Lu,Jing Lu,Dandan Wang,Hetong Zhou,Xiu-bai Yuan,Xue Lin,Lijuan Pang,Manli Huang,Huanming Yang,Wenwei Zhang,Susanne Brix,Karsten Kristiansen,Xueqin Song,Chao Nie,Shaohua Hu +34 more
TL;DR: This study combines gut microbiota and neuroactive metabolites with brain functional connectivity with neuroimaging studies to reveal potential signalling pathways from the microbiota to the gut and the brain, which may have a role in the pathophysiology of BD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial
Annalisa Schaub,Else Schneider,Jorge F. Vázquez-Castellanos,Nina Schweinfurth,Cedric Kettelhack,Jessica P K Doll,Gulnara Yamanbaeva,Laura Mählmann,Serge Brand,Christoph Beglinger,Stefan Borgwardt,Jeroen Raes,André Schmidt,Undine E. Lang +13 more
TL;DR: In this article , a randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine whether short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation reduces depressive symptoms along with gut microbial and neural changes in depressed patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse
TL;DR: Considering the pattern of synaptic activity as the closest physical representation of mood, emotion, and conscience the authors can conceptualize, each pathway or molecular system will be scrutinized for links to neurotransmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in Alpha Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Neurological Diseases
Zhuoxin Li,Jie Zhou,Hao Liang,Li Ye,Liuyan Lan,Fang Lu,Qing Wang,Ting Lei,Xiping Yang,Ping Cui,Jiegang Huang +10 more
TL;DR: The alpha diversity of gut microbiota could be a promising predictor for AD, schizophrenia, and MS, but not for all neurological diseases.
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