Journal ArticleDOI
Acidic Mammalian Chitinase in Asthmatic Th2 Inflammation and IL-13 Pathway Activation
Zhou Zhu,Tao Zheng,Robert J. Homer,Yoon Keun Kim,Ning Yuan Chen,Lauren Cohn,Qutayba Hamid,Jack A. Elias +7 more
TLDR
It is shown that acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)–specific, interleukin-13 (IL-13)–mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages in an aeroallergen asthma model and expressed in exaggerated quantities in human asthma.Abstract:
Chitin is a surface component of parasites and insects, and chitinases are induced in lower life forms during infections with these agents. Although chitin itself does not exist in humans, chitinases are present in the human genome. We show here that acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13 (IL-13)-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages in an aeroallergen asthma model and expressed in exaggerated quantities in human asthma. AMCase neutralization ameliorated Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, in part by inhibiting IL-13 pathway activation and chemokine induction. AMCase may thus be an important mediator of IL-13-induced responses in Th2-dominated disorders such as asthma.read more
Citations
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Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation.
TL;DR: This Review suggests a new grouping of macrophages based on three different homeostatic activities — host defence, wound healing and immune regulation, and proposes that similarly to primary colours, these three basic macrophage populations can blend into various other 'shades' of activation.
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Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas
Antonio Sica,Alberto Mantovani +1 more
TL;DR: The identification of mechanisms and molecules associated with macrophage plasticity and polarized activation provides a basis for Macrophage-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional Profiling of the Human Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization: New Molecules and Patterns of Gene Expression
TL;DR: Transcriptome profiling reveals novel molecules and signatures associated with human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarized activation which may represent candidate targets in pathophysiology.
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Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan.
Thomas J. Kean,Maya Thanou +1 more
TL;DR: Research in this area is reviewed and chitosan's potential to be used as a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) material is critically discussed.
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Macrophages: master regulators of inflammation and fibrosis.
Thomas A. Wynn,Luke Barron +1 more
TL;DR: Although collagen-secreting myofibroblasts once were thought of as the master "producers" of fibrosis, this review will illustrate how macrophages function as the Master "regulators" of Fibrosis.
References
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Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology.
John F. Hunt,Kezhong Fang,Rajesh K. Malik,Ashley H. Snyder,Neil R. Malhotra,Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills,Benjamin Gaston +6 more
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Asthma: an epidemic of dysregulated immunity.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dissection of experimental asthma with DNA microarray analysis identifies arginase in asthma pathogenesis
Nives Zimmermann,Nina E. King,Johanne D. Laporte,Ming Yang,Anil Mishra,Sam M. Pope,Emily E. Muntel,David P. Witte,Anthony A. Pegg,Paul S. Foster,Qutayba Hamid,Marc E. Rothenberg +11 more
TL;DR: Analysis of patients with asthma supported the importance of the ability of arginase to regulate generation of NO, polyamines, and collagen, and provided a basis for pharmacologically targeting arginine metabolism in allergic disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of a novel acidic mammalian chitinase distinct from chitotriosidase
Rolf G. Boot,E. F. C. Blommaart,Erwin Swart,K. Ghauharali-Van der Vlugt,Nora Bijl,C. Moe,Allen R. Place,Johannes M. F. G. Aerts +7 more
TL;DR: The study has revealed the existence of a chitinolytic enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract and lung that may play a role in digestion and/or defense.
Journal ArticleDOI
Th2 cells and GATA-3 in asthma: new insights into the regulation of airway inflammation
Anuradha Ray,Lauren Cohn +1 more
TL;DR: It is now believed that airway inflammation leads to AHR, airway remodeling, and mucus hyperplasia, and it is clear that persistent inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of asthma.