Chitin induces accumulation in tissue of innate immune cells associated with allergy
Tiffany A. Reese,Hong-Erh Liang,AndrewN M. Tager,Andrew D. Luster,Nico van Rooijen,David Voehringer,David Voehringer,Richard M. Locksley +7 more
TLDR
It is shown that chitin induces the accumulation in tissue of IL-4-expressing innate immune cells, including eosinophils and basophils, when given to mice, and this process can be negatively regulated by a vertebrate chit inase.Abstract:
Allergic and parasitic worm immunity is characterized by infiltration of tissues with interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-expressing cells, including T-helper-2 cells, eosinophils and basophils. Tissue macrophages assume a distinct phenotype, designated alternatively activated macrophages. Relatively little is known about the factors that trigger these host responses. Chitin, a widespread environmental biopolymer of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, provides structural rigidity to fungi, crustaceans, helminths and insects. Here, we show that chitin induces the accumulation in tissue of IL-4-expressing innate immune cells, including eosinophils and basophils, when given to mice. Tissue infiltration was unaffected by the absence of Toll-like-receptor-mediated lipopolysaccharide recognition but did not occur if the injected chitin was pre-treated with the IL-4- and IL-13-inducible mammalian chitinase, AMCase, or if the chitin was injected into mice that overexpressed AMCase. Chitin mediated alternative macrophage activation in vivo and the production of leukotriene B(4), which was required for optimal immune cell recruitment. Chitin is a recognition element for tissue infiltration by innate cells implicated in allergic and helminth immunity and this process can be negatively regulated by a vertebrate chitinase.read more
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References
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Alternative activation of macrophages
TL;DR: The evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation by the TH2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 is assessed, and its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions are defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeted Disruption of the MyD88 Gene Results in Loss of IL-1- and IL-18-Mediated Function
Osamu Adachi,Taro Kawai,Kiyoshi Takeda,Makoto Matsumoto,Hiroko Tsutsui,Masafumi Sakagami,Kenji Nakanishi,Shizuo Akira +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MyD88 is a critical component in the signaling cascade that is mediated by IL-1 receptor as well as IL-18 receptor, and increases in interferon-gamma production and natural killer cell activity in response to IL- 18 are abrogated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Liposome mediated depletion of macrophages: mechanism of action, preparation of liposomes and applications.
N. van Rooijen,A Sanders +1 more
TL;DR: A macrophage 'suicide' technique, using the liposome mediated intracellular delivery of dichloromethylene-bisphosphonate (Cl2MBP or clodronate) with respect to phagocytic cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant cells recognize chitin fragments for defense signaling through a plasma membrane receptor
Hanae Kaku,Yoko Nishizawa,Naoko Ishii-Minami,Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama,Naoshi Dohmae,Koji Takio,Eiichi Minami,Naoto Shibuya +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a high affinity binding protein for chitin oligosaccharide elicitor was isolated from the plasma membrane of suspension-cultured rice cells, and the protein was shown to have a short membrane spanning domain at the C terminus, indicating the involvement of partially homologous plasma membrane proteins both in defense and symbiotic signaling in plant cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall.
Shaun M. Bowman,Stephen J. Free +1 more
TL;DR: There is strong evidence that the chitin, glucans and glycoproteins are covalently cross‐linked together and that the cross‐linking is a dynamic process that occurs extracellularly.