Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptability and vulnerability of high flying Neotropical aerial insectivorous bats to urbanization
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TLDR
In this article, the authors focused on Neotropical high flying aerial insectivorous bats, an ecologically important, but so far seriously understudied group of vertebrates.Abstract:
Aim Urbanization is a dominant demographic trend throughout the world that involves massive habitat alterations. Understanding how urbanization affects biota is a crucial prerequisite for development and application of effective species conservation programmes. Our study focuses on Neotropical high flying aerial insectivorous bats, an ecologically important, but so far seriously understudied group of vertebrates.
Location Panama.
Methods Using acoustic monitoring, we assessed and compared species occurrence, composition and activity of aerial insectivorous bats at three site categories located on the isthmus in Panama: forest, urban areas and a forest–town interface.
Results In 2 years of field work, we recorded 44,744 bat passes over the microphone and identified a total of 25 aerial insectivorous bat species. Species richness was highest in the forest, decreased towards the forest–town interface and was lowest at the urban sites, while dominance (Berger-Parker-Index) increased from the forest to the urban sites. Overall, general bat activity (passes min−1) was highest at the forest–town interface and lowest at the urban sites. Multivariate analysis suggests compositional differences in species occurrence and activity among site categories with mainly molossid species occurring in urban areas.
Main conclusions Our results clearly demonstrate species-specific differences between high flying aerial insectivorous bats concerning their adaptability and vulnerability to urban areas. Our results suggest that a suite of morphological traits including species mobility determine persistence of aerial insectivorous species in cities. Our results underline the necessity for detailed assessments of species-specific habitat requirements and dynamics of species occurrence and activity over time to develop meaningful conservation tools targeted at aerial insectivorous bats.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of bats to urbanization: a review
TL;DR: Overall, bat sensitivity to urbanization makes these mammals promising candidates to track the effects of this process of land use change on the biota, but more studies, specifically tailored to explore this role, are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Moving in three dimensions: effects of structural complexity on occurrence and activity of insectivorous bats in managed forest stands
Kirsten Jung,Sonja Kaiser,Stefan Böhm,Jens Nieschulze,Elisabeth K. V. Kalko,Elisabeth K. V. Kalko +5 more
TL;DR: The data revealed that bat occurrence and activity increases with structural heterogeneity in managed forest stands, suggesting that increasing stand structural heterogeneity through management practices is a very effective strategy to assure vital ecosystem functioning in production forest systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Connecting Earth observation to high-throughput biodiversity data
Alex Bush,Alex Bush,Alex Bush,Rahel Sollmann,Andreas Wilting,Kristine Bohmann,Kristine Bohmann,Beth Cole,Heiko Balzter,Christopher Martius,András Zlinszky,Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer,Christina A. Cobbold,Terence P. Dawson,Brent C. Emerson,Brent C. Emerson,Simon Ferrier,M. Thomas P. Gilbert,M. Thomas P. Gilbert,Martin Herold,Laurence Jones,Fabian H. Leendertz,Louise Matthews,James D.A. Millington,John R. Olson,Otso Ovaskainen,Otso Ovaskainen,Dave Raffaelli,Richard Reeve,Mark-Oliver Rödel,Torrey W. Rodgers,Stewart Snape,Ingrid J. Visseren-Hamakers,Alfried P. Vogler,Alfried P. Vogler,Piran C. L. White,Martin J. Wooster,Douglas W. Yu,Douglas W. Yu +38 more
TL;DR: This work describes an approach that combines automated recording devices, high-throughput DNA sequencing and modern ecological modelling to extract much more of the information available in Earth observation data, offering efficient and near-real-time monitoring of management impacts on biodiversity and its functions and services.
Journal ArticleDOI
One strategy does not fit all: determinants of urban adaptation in mammals.
Luca Santini,Manuela González-Suárez,Danilo Russo,Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer,Achaz von Hardenberg,Leonardo Ancillotto +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that all urban mammals produce larger litters; whereas other traits such as body size, behavioural plasticity and diet diversity were important for some but not all taxonomic groups.
References
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Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
Norman Myers,Russell A. Mittermeier,Cristina G. Mittermeier,Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca,Jennifer Kent +4 more
TL;DR: A ‘silver bullet’ strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on ‘biodiversity hotspots’ where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat, is proposed.
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Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with R
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply additive mixed modelling on phyoplankton time series data and show that the additive model can be used to estimate the age distribution of small cetaceans.
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Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS
TL;DR: Linear Mixed-Effects and Nonlinear Mixed-effects (NLME) models have been studied in the literature as mentioned in this paper, where the structure of grouped data has been used for fitting LME models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous inference in general parametric models.
TL;DR: This paper describes simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters, and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalizedlinear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.