Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease
TLDR
Recent findings detailing the mechanisms through which air pollution reaches the brain and activates the resident innate immune response to become a chronic source of pro-inflammatory factors and ROS, culminating in CNS disease are summarized.About:
This article is published in Trends in Neurosciences.The article was published on 2009-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1085 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Neuroplastic effects of pollution & Neuroinflammation.read more
Citations
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Metals, oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders
TL;DR: The role of redox metals Fe and Cu and non-redox metal zinc (Zn) in oxidative stress-related etiology of AD and PD is discussed and several individual antioxidants or their combinations can be neuroprotective and decrease the risk of AD or slow its progression.
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Microglial activation and chronic neurodegeneration
TL;DR: The mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with chronic microglia activation are reviewed and the role of neuronal death and microglial ROS driving the chronic and toxic microglian phenotype is discussed.
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Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain.
Barbara A. Maher,Imad A. M. Ahmed,Vassil Karloukovski,Donald A. MacLaren,Penelope G. Foulds,David Allsop,David M. A. Mann,Ricardo Torres-Jardón,Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas +8 more
TL;DR: Kirschvink et al. as discussed by the authors used magnetic analyses and electron microscopy to identify the abundant presence in the brain of magnetite nanoparticles that are consistent with high-temperature formation, suggesting, therefore, an external, not internal, source.
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Health effects of particulate air pollution: A review of epidemiological evidence.
TL;DR: This review seeks to give an overview on the variety of health risks air pollution poses with a focus on epidemiological studies to give the reader a comprehensive impression on the large number of health effects of air pollution.
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Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: A better understanding of neuroimmune interactions during development and disease will be key to further manipulating these responses and the development of effective therapies to improve quality of life, and reduce the impact of neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases.
References
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From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
TL;DR: In response to a peripheral infection, innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that act on the brain to cause sickness behaviour, which can lead to an exacerbation of sickness and the development of symptoms of depression in vulnerable individuals.
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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones,Robert J. Adams,Mercedes R. Carnethon,Giovanni de Simone,T. Bruce Ferguson,Katherine M. Flegal,Earl S. Ford,Karen L. Furie,Alan S. Go,Kurt J. Greenlund,Nancy Haase,Susan M. Hailpern,Michael Ho,Virginia J. Howard,Brett M. Kissela,Steven J. Kittner,Daniel T. Lackland,Lynda D. Lisabeth,Ariane Marelli,Mary M. McDermott,James B. Meigs,Dariush Mozaffarian,Graham Nichol,Christopher J. O'Donnell,Véronique L. Roger,Wayne D. Rosamond,Ralph L. Sacco,Paul D. Sorlie,Randall S. Stafford,Julia Steinberger,Thomas Thom,Sylvia Wasserthiel-Smoller,Nathan D. Wong,Judith Wylie-Rosett,Yuling Hong +34 more
TL;DR: The statistical update brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update.
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Resting Microglial Cells Are Highly Dynamic Surveillants of Brain Parenchyma in Vivo
TL;DR: Using in vivo two-photon imaging in neocortex, it is found that microglial cells are highly active in their presumed resting state, continually surveying their microenvironment with extremely motile processes and protrusions.
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Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones,Robert J. Adams,Mercedes R. Carnethon,Giovanni de Simone,T. Bruce Ferguson,Katherine M. Flegal,Earl S. Ford,Karen L. Furie,Alan S. Go,Kurt J. Greenlund,Nancy Haase,Susan M. Hailpern,Michael Ho,Virginia J. Howard,Brett M. Kissela,Steven J. Kittner,Daniel T. Lackland,Lynda D. Lisabeth,Ariane Marelli,Mary M. McDermott,James B. Meigs,Dariush Mozaffarian,Graham Nichol,Christopther O'Donnell,Véronique L. Roger,Wayne D. Rosamond,Ralph L. Sacco,Paul D. Sorlie,Randall S. Stafford,Julia Steinberger,Thomas Thorn,Sylvia Wasserthiel-Smoller,Nathan D. Wong,Judith Wylie-Rosett,Yuling Hong +34 more
TL;DR: The statistical update brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms
TL;DR: Overactivated microglia can be detected using imaging techniques and therefore this knowledge offers an opportunity not only for early diagnosis but, importantly, for the development of targeted anti-inflammatory therapies that might slow or halt the progression of neurodegenerative disease.
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