Amides from Piper brachystachyum and Piper retrofractum

Isolation of Piperin from The Fruit of Piper retrofractum

Abstract: This paper will described the isolation of major compound from MeOH extract from the fruit of Piper retrofractum . Using several chromatography technique including liquid vacuum chromatography and thin layer chromatography, and further purification using re-cristalization technique, Piperine, an alkaloids compound, was isolated from this extract. The structure of this compound was determined using spectroscopic methods including FTIR, 1D-NMR and 2-D NMR. Keywords : P.retrofractum , alkaloids, piperine, structure elucidation

Microbial diversity of sasad. A traditional starter for fermented beverages in Sabah

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the microflora composition in sasad. The investigations involved were the chemical changes (proximate content and pH) of sasad and microbial enumeration in sasad during storage, identification of yeast, mould and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in sasad and enzymatic activities involved of identified species. Proximate analyses were done using AOAC method. Proximate analyses showed sasad contain (on dry weight basis) moisture ranging from 10.81% to 21.84%; total carbohydrate content ranged from 73.56% to 87.66%; crude fibre ranging from 0.63% to 1.98%, while crude fat contents ranged from 0.15% to 1.28%. Crude protein content ranged from 0.27% to 1.03% and ash content ranged from 0.20% to 0.95%. Sasad is acidic with the pH ranged from 4.03 to 6.30. Throughout storage, total aerobic mesophilic flora, yeast and mould, and LAB counts were 5.40-8.42, 4.38-8.28, and 3.60-8.39 log CFU/g of dry weight sample, respectively. A total of 94 strains comprises of yeast (52 isolates), mould (23 isolates), and LAB (19 isolates) was isolated. The microorganisms isolated were characterized based on their morphology, physiological and biochemical properties. Yeasts were identified as Candida guilliermondii Saccharomyces cerevisiael Candida lusitaniae Pichia ohmeri Candida utilie, Candida pelliculosa, Candida glabratal Candida parapsilosis, and Candida famata. Mould strains were identified to genera level based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics as Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. On the other hand, LAB were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Yeast strains possessed highest enzymatic activity compared to mould and LAB strains. Leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, alkaline phosphatase, I²-glucosidase and esterase lipase are the major enzymes secreted by microorganisms in sasad

Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity of Indonesian Herbal Ingredients

Abstract: The present study was to aimed to evaluated and compare in vitro antioxidant activities of 2 Indonesian herbal ingredients (A and B), determined total phenol content., cytotoxic and apoptosis induction activities on HL-60 cells. These data were providing some useful information for people healthy dietary and the new potential application of natural antioxidant containing food materials in functional foods and also as new cancer therapeutics promising candidates. The parameters were total antioxidant activity, amount of total cytotoxic effect on the growth of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Statistical comparison was perform with Student’s t-test at p<0.05. The correlation coefficient (r2) between the parameters tested was established by regression analysis. The scavenging effect of extracts herbal on DPPH radicals increased from 0.3-1.5 mg/ml, where is sample A 14.33% to 64.29% and sample B 9.09% to 57.53% was obtained. High content of total phenol compounds were in sample A (21.72 mg GAE/g), lower amounts were in sample B (17.53 mg GAE/g). Apoptosis of HL-60 cells from the morphological changes side (chromatin condensation). Chromatin condensation, a specific and distinct feature of apoptotic cells, was found in the majority of treated cells. The results indicated that the cell death receptor pathway was involved in the apoptosis induced by Indonesian herbal extracts.

Amides from Piper brachystachyum and Piper retrofractum.

Abstract: Three unsaturated amides, designated brachystamides-C, D and E have been characterised from Piper brachystachyum Wall. Brachystamide-C, shown to be N-isobutyl-15-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,13E-pentadecatrienamide, was unusual in having a non-conjugated double bond. Piper retrofractum Vahl. yielded retrofractamide-D, which has been fully characterised.