Antioxidants that protect mitochondria reduce interleukin-6 and oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce biochemical markers of organ dysfunction in a rat model of acute sepsis
TLDR
Antioxidants that act preferentially in mitochondria reduce mitochondrial damage and organ dysfunction and decrease inflammatory responses in a rat model of acute sepsis.Abstract:
Background Sepsis-induced organ failure is the major cause of death in critical care units, and is characterized by a massive dysregulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of treatment with antioxidants that protect mitochondria (MitoQ, MitoE, or melatonin) in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus peptidoglycan (PepG)-induced acute sepsis, characterized by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and early organ damage. Methods Anaesthetized and ventilated rats received an i.v. bolus of LPS and PepG followed by an i.v. infusion of MitoQ, MitoE, melatonin, or saline for 5 h. Organs and blood were then removed for determination of mitochondrial and organ function, oxidative stress, and key cytokines. Results MitoQ, MitoE, or melatonin had broadly similar protective effects with improved mitochondrial respiration ( P P P =0.0001). Compared with control rats, antioxidant-treated rats had lower levels of biochemical markers of organ dysfunction, including plasma alanine amino-transferase activity ( P =0.02) and creatinine concentrations ( P Conclusions Antioxidants that act preferentially in mitochondria reduce mitochondrial damage and organ dysfunction and decrease inflammatory responses in a rat model of acute sepsis.read more
Citations
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The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review.
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Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers.
Russel J. Reiter,Juan C. Mayo,Dun Xian Tan,Rosa M. Sainz,Moisés Alejandro Alatorre-Jiménez,Lilian Qin +5 more
TL;DR: It is the current feeling of the authors that, in view of the widely diverse beneficial functions that have been reported for melatonin, these may be merely epiphenomena of the more fundamental, yet‐to‐be identified basic action(s) of this ancient molecule.
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Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable.
Lucien C. Manchester,Ana Coto-Montes,José Antonio Boga,Lars Peter Holst Andersen,Zhou Zhou,Annia Galano,Jerry Vriend,Dun Xian Tan,Russel J. Reiter +8 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5–3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant and that the melatonin‐synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively.
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Melatonin: buffering the immune system.
Antonio Carrillo-Vico,Patricia J. Lardone,Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez,Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez,Juan M. Guerrero +4 more
TL;DR: The data reviewed in this paper support the idea of melatonin as an immune buffer, acting as a stimulant under basal or immunosuppressive conditions or as an anti-inflammatory compound in the presence of exacerbated immune responses, such as acute inflammation.
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