Atmospheric ammonia and particulate inorganic nitrogen over the United States
Colette L. Heald,Jeffrey L. Collett,Taehyoung Lee,Katherine B. Benedict,Florian M. Schwandner,Florian M. Schwandner,Yulun Li,Lieven Clarisse,Daniel Hurtmans,M. Van Damme,Cathy Clerbaux,Cathy Clerbaux,Pierre-François Coheur,Sajeev Philip,Randall V. Martin,Havala O. T. Pye +15 more
TLDR
The authors used in situ observations from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network, the Midwest Ammonia Monitoring Project, 11 surface site campaigns as well as Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite measurements with the GEOS-Chem model to investigate inorganic aerosol loading and atmospheric ammonia concentrations over the United States.Abstract:
We use in situ observations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network, the Midwest Ammonia Monitoring Project, 11 surface site campaigns as well as Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite measurements with the GEOS-Chem model to investigate inorganic aerosol loading and atmospheric ammonia concentrations over the United States IASI observations suggest that current ammonia emissions are underestimated in California and in the springtime in the Midwest In California this underestimate likely drives the underestimate in nitrate formation in the GEOS-Chem model However in the remaining continental United States we find that the nitrate simulation is biased high (normalized mean bias > = 10) year-round, except in Spring (due to the underestimate in ammonia in this season) None of the uncertainties in precursor emissions, the uptake efficiency of N2O5 on aerosols, OH concentrations, the reaction rate for the formation of nitric acid, or the dry deposition velocity of nitric acid are able to explain this bias We find that reducing nitric acid concentrations to 75% of their simulated values corrects the bias in nitrate (as well as ammonium) in the US However the mechanism for this potential reduction is unclear and may be a combination of errors in chemistry, deposition and sub-grid near-surface gradients This "updated" simulation reproduces PM and ammonia loading and captures the strong seasonal and spatial gradients in gas-particle partitioning across the United States We estimate that nitrogen makes up 15−35% of inorganic fine PM mass over the US, and that this fraction is likely to increase in the coming decade, both with decreases in sulfur emissions and increases in ammonia emissionsread more
Citations
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Emissions estimation from satellite retrievals: A review of current capability
David G. Streets,Timothy P. Canty,Gregory R. Carmichael,Benjamin de Foy,Russell R. Dickerson,Bryan N. Duncan,David P. Edwards,John Haynes,Daven K. Henze,Marc Houyoux,Daniel J. Jacob,Nickolay A. Krotkov,Lok N. Lamsal,Yang Liu,Zifeng Lu,Randall V. Martin,Gabriele Pfister,Robert W. Pinder,Ross J. Salawitch,K. Wecht +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive literature review and comprising input by both satellite experts and emission inventory specialists, the review identifies several targets that seem promising: large point sources of NOx and SO2, species that are difficult to measure by other means (NH3 and CH4, for example), area sources that cannot easily be quantified by traditional bottom-up methods (such as unconventional oil and gas extraction, shipping, biomass burning, and biogenic sources), and the temporal variation of emissions (seasonal, diurnal, episodic).
Journal ArticleDOI
High aerosol acidity despite declining atmospheric sulfate concentrations over the past 15 years
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of field aerosol data reveals that fine particles remain acidic in the southeastern United States despite large sulfate reductions. But the results are limited to small aerosol particles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ammonia Emissions in the United States, European Union, and China Derived by High-Resolution Inversion of Ammonium Wet Deposition Data: Interpretation with a New Agricultural Emissions Inventory (MASAGE_NH3)
Fabien Paulot,Daniel J. Jacob,Robert W. Pinder,Jesse O. Bash,Katherine R. Travis,Daven K. Henze +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the adjoint of a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to optimize ammonia (NH3) emissions in the U.S., European Union, and China by inversion of 2005-2008 network data for NH4+ wet deposition fluxes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosols over China: response to 2000–2015 emission changes of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia
TL;DR: In this paper, a chemical transport model was used to examine the change of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) aerosols over China due to anthropogenic emission changes of their precursors (SO2, NOx and NH3) from 2000 to 2015.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review on ammonia as a potential fuel: from synthesis to economics
Agustin Valera-Medina,F. Amer-Hatem,Abul Kalam Azad,Irene C Dedoussi,M. de Joannon,Ravi Fernandes,Peter Glarborg,Hamid Hashemi,Xiaoyu He,Syed Mashruk,Jon G. McGowan,C. Mounaim-Rouselle,A. Ortiz-Prado,A. Ortiz-Valera,Ilenia Rossetti,Bo Shu,M. A. Yehia,Hua Xiao,Mário Costa +18 more
TL;DR: Ammonia has been considered as a candidate to power transport, produce energy, and support heating applications for decades, however, the particular characteristics of the molecule always made it a chemical with low, if any, benefit once compared to conventional fossil fuels as discussed by the authors.
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