BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus
Jorge A. Soto,Fabián E. Díaz,Angello Retamal-Díaz,Nicolás M. S. Gálvez,Felipe Melo-Gonzalez,Alejandro Piña-Iturbe,Mario A. Ramirez,Karen Bohmwald,Pablo A. González,Susan M. Bueno,Alexis M. Kalergis +10 more
TLDR
The BCG vaccine is a promising platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response, and related to a trained immunity profile.Abstract:
Background:Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine mainly administered to newborns and used for over 100 years to prevent the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This vaccine can induce immune response polarization towards a Th1 profile, which is desired for counteracting M. tb, other mycobacteria, and unrelated intracellular pathogens. The vaccine BCG has been used as a vector to express recombinant proteins and has been shown to protect against several diseases, particularly respiratory viruses. Methods: BCG was used to develop recombinant vaccines expressing either the Nucleoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 or Andes orthohantavirus. Mice were immunized with these vaccines with the aim of evaluating the safety and immunogenicity parameters. Results: Immunization with two doses of 1 × 108 CFU or one dose of 1 × 105 CFU of these BCGs was safe in mice. A statistically significant cellular immune response was induced by both formulations, characterized as the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Stimulation with unrelated antigens resulted in increased expression of activation markers by T cells and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while increased secretion of IL-6 was found for both recombinant vaccines; all of these parameters related to a trained immunity profile. The humoral immune response elicited by both vaccines was modest, but further exposure to antigens could increase this response. Conclusions: The BCG vaccine is a promising platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response.read more
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Superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Has Deleterious Effects on Mycobacterium bovis BCG Immunity and Promotes Dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Rachel E Hildebrand,Shaswath S Chandrasekar,Mariah Riel,Bubacarr J B Touray,Sophie A Aschenbroich,Adel M. Talaat +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that SARS-CoV-2 superinfection caused increased bacterial dissemination in M. tuberculosis-infected mice along with immune and pathological changes and impacted the immunity of BCG-vaccinated mice, resulting in decreased interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels, while offering no protective effect against SARS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fiction and Facts about BCG Imparting Trained Immunity against COVID-19
Gurpreet Kaur,Sanpreet Singh,Sidhanta Nanda,Mohammad Adeel Zafar,Jonaid Ahmad Malik,Mohammad Umar Arshi,T. Lamba,Javed N. Agrewala +7 more
TL;DR: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin or BCG vaccine, the only vaccine available against Mycobacterium tuberculosis can induce a marked Th1 polarization of T-cells, characterized by the antigen-specific secretion of IFN-γ and enhanced antiviral response, is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current GMP standards for the production of vaccines and antibodies: An overview
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the most important GMP standards in the world and their relevance in the production of vaccines and antibodies is presented, highlighting the importance of having more and better-distributed manufacturing plants.
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Leishmania tarentolae: a vaccine platform to target dendritic cells and a surrogate pathogen for next generation vaccine research in leishmaniases and viral infections
Claudio Bandi,Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan,Domenico Otranto,Alessandro Alvaro,Viviane Noll Louzada-Flores,M. Pajoro,Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi,Matteo Brilli,Alessandro Manenti,Emanuele Montomoli,Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti,Sara Epis +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a review of the use of Reptile-associated Leishmania tarentolae as a vaccine platform and vehicle, mainly in the areas of leishmaniases and viral infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
A recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis-based surface display system for developing the T cell-based COVID-19 vaccine
Ziyu Wen,Cuiting Fang,Xinglai Liu,Yang Liu,Minchao Li,Yue Yuan,Zirong Han,Congcong Wang,Tianyu Zhang,Caijun Sun +9 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper constructed the attenuated Mycobacterium smegmatis as a bacterial surface display system to carry the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) of SARS-CoV-2.
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