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Blood Coagulation, Inflammation, and Malaria

TLDR
The Tissue Factor Model (TFM) for malaria pathogenesis is presented, which places TF as the interface between sequestration, endothelial cell (EC) activation, blood coagulation disorder, and inflammation often associated with the disease.
Abstract
Malaria remains a highly prevalent disease in more than 90 countries and accounts for at least 1 million deaths every year. Plasmodium falciparum infection is often associated with a procoagulant t...

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Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria exhibits marked inflammatory imbalance

TL;DR: Different clinical presentations of vivax malaria infection present strong association with activation of pro-inflammatory responses and cytokine imbalance, which is of utmost importance to improve current knowledge about physiopathological concepts of this serious widespread disease.
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Malaria's deadly grip: cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

TL;DR: Recent findings on the origins and evolution of the var gene family, the structure–function of Pf EMP1 proteins, and a distinct subset of PfEMP1 variants that have been associated with severe childhood malaria are discussed.
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Neuroimmunological Blood Brain Barrier Opening in Experimental Cerebral Malaria

TL;DR: It appears that neurological signs and coma in ECM are due to regulated opening of paracellular-junctional and transcellular-vesicular fluid transport pathways at the neuroimmunological BBB, and blocking of LFA-1 mediated cellular interactions prevented leukocyte adhesion, vascular leakage, neurological signs, and death from ECM.
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Investigating the Pathogenesis of Severe Malaria: A Multidisciplinary and Cross-Geographical Approach

TL;DR: This review highlights progress and outstanding questions in severe malaria pathophysiology and summarizes key areas of pathogenesis research within the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research program.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis

TL;DR: An American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference was held in Northbrook in August 1991 with the goal of agreeing on a set of definitions that could be applied to patients with sepsis and its sequelae as mentioned in this paper.
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Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis.

TL;DR: This phase 3 trial assessed whether treatment with drotrecogin alfa activated reduced the rate of death from any cause among patients with severe sepsis.
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Endothelial Cells in Physiology and in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Disorders

TL;DR: The membrane has long been viewed as an inert cellophane-like membrane that lines the circulatory system with its primary essential function being the maintenance of vessel wall permeability.
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CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells

TL;DR: In this paper, platelets express CD40L within seconds of activation in vitro and in the process of thrombus formation in vivo, indicating that platelets are not only involved in haemostasis but that they also directly initiate an inflammatory response of the vessel wall.
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

TL;DR: Bleeding may be the presenting symptom in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation, a factor that can complicate decisions about treatment, and the use and subsequent depletion of platelets and coagulating proteins resulting from the ongoing coagulations may induce severe bleeding.
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